EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 523 



green in color with veins appearing dilated and darker tlian the inter- 

 vening tissne. The frnit is nsnally nnder size and ripens from a week to 

 two weeks late. The flesh is more or less stringy, watery and very in- 

 sipid, while the pit is usually very small. One or all symptoms may be 

 present and unless they can be positively attributed to some other cause, 

 the tree should be condemned, pulled ont and l)nrned. 



GENERAL TREATMENT FOR TEAR ORCHARDS. 



In the Fall, Winter or Early Spring, inspect for scale insects the 

 same as for apple orchards, and if found, spray as is directed for apple 

 orchards. (See page r)lS.) 



A spraying for scale will also contnd the Pear Blister-mite, (a mite 

 that causes thickened red and brown spots on the leaves and fruit). This 

 insect has been a serious pest in parts of Michigan for the past few years. 



Jt'St as the "Pink of the Blossoms is Siioaving, a s])raying should be 

 made to prevent scab. Codling ^loth. Bud ]\roili, etc. For this spraying 

 Bordeanx-mi.xtnre or the diluted lime-sulphnr may l)e used to wliicli a<ld 

 2 or 8 pounds of ar.senate of lead paste or one-half as mucli of the jiowder 

 or -Yj ])()nnd of ai'seiiate of calcium for each TiO gallons. Tf lime-snlplinr 

 is used, the following dilutions should ))e followed. They are not (juite 

 as strong as for apple orchard spraying. 



Tf the concentrated lime-snlphur Baume test is o3, 'V2 <»]• )'. I use 1 

 galbui and water to make 50 gallons. 



If the test is :*>0, 20 or 2S, use 5 quarts and water to make .")() gallons. 



Tf the test is 27, 20 or 2.") use quarts and water to make ."iO gallons. 



Tmisiediately After the Blossoms Fai-l. and before the calyx closes, 

 make another spraying using same materials as in the previous spraying. 



TriE T^EAR PsvLLA is a serious and important insect regarding which 

 pear growers must be fully informed. Tt passes the winter in rnl)l»ish, 

 such as prunings left in or near the orchard, on the truidcs of the trees, 

 in tlie cracks and ci-annies (»f the rough bark, and on the twigs among 

 the buds. Tt may be controlled by the following thorough treatment : 



1. Late in the fall. Novend)ei' oi- Decembei-, scrape the loose b;iik fioni 

 the trunks and large lindts and gather and buin oi' l»niv. Do not lc:i\o 

 on the ground. 



2. On a bright and fairly warm late fall day the insects will come out 

 of their hiding places and can then be killed with a contact spray. Use 

 ''Black Leaf 40"' or some 40% nicotine-sulphate solution at the rate of 

 1 pint in 100 gallons of water and to make it spread easily and quickly 

 and so go farther, add 8 pounds of dissolved soap. At)\ cheap soap will 

 do. Spray both sides of each tree, the insects are lively and will dodge 

 the spray. The best possible job can be done by spraying both sides of 

 each tree at the same time, or at lea.st by comideting the job before any 

 one part of the sprayed trunk or limbs becomes dry. 



Pear Blight commonly called Fire Blight. This is one of the most 

 s'.^rious diseases of pears, and often does a great deal of injury on apples, 

 especially on Russian varieties, young trees of many varieties, and on 

 quince. Tts presence is made very apparent by the discoloration of the 

 foliage, the leaves turning dark brown, withering, but still holding to the 



