170 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



these scales at any time of the year with the emulsion is a great deal 

 of anvantage, but it takes it stronger than it does in the hatching time. 

 I think, that with persistent effort, kerosene will rid the trees of these 

 insects. There are a great many formulas sent out, but unless the in- 

 gredients are mixed together in proper proportion you will not get a 

 perfect emulsion which will injure the trees. 



One way is to take a half pound of hard soap, or which is equally 

 as good, a pound of soft soap, boiled in a gallon of water until it is all 

 dissolved. While it is boiling remove it from the stove and add two 

 gallons of kerosene oil, and stir it until it is a thorough emulsion. It 

 assumes a milky or half creamy appearance long before the emulsion 

 is perfect, and a great mistake is made in quitting stirring it together 

 too quickly. 



It should then be set in a tub of cold water, when it will cool into 

 a firm, jelly-like consistency. If there is any free oil, it will rise to the 

 top and can be taken off with a spoon, or drawn off with blotting paper. 

 You can apply it with almost perfect results. You want to dilute that 

 in about one part to ten of clear soft water. It is best to use rain 

 water ; bard water is usually too mineral. And then by mixing that in 

 about one part to ten or fifteen, and then applying, together with water, 

 it is ready for use. 



Mr. Goodman — Some parties made an emulsion in this way r 

 One pound of concentrated lye to one gallon of coal oil. They dis- 

 solved the lye in hot water and then added the coal oil, and in that one 

 gallon of oil, twenty-five of water. 



Prof. Whitten — I think to get a perfect emulsion it would be bet- 

 ter to have the combination of lye and grease that is in soap, although 

 you can with pure water mix the oil enough. 



There is a machine that is recommended this year for the mix- 

 ing of kerosene with water which mixes perfectly. There is one 

 compartment for kerosene and one for water. They work together 

 so that they are perfectly mixed. If that is the success which they 

 recommend it to be, it will save a great deal of trouble with the Bor- 

 deaux mixture. 



Mr. Goodman — The question is on praying in general. I had a 

 talk with G. T. Powell, who has had experience in spraying and has 

 had good results. He says it is not so much the strength of the spray 

 that is used as it is the thorough and continuous operations. In his 

 orchard he has been successful in getting rid of insects, and he says it 

 is only the thorough and continuous spraying that is effective, and he 

 has used sprays in a much milder form than those given. We are go- 

 ing to have a great deal of trouble in our country with the curculio> 



