288 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Another kind consists of a tin tube with its ends turned at right 

 angles to its axis in such a manner as to forai a cap at each eud» 

 Inserted into each cup is a small bottle. The bottles are secured 

 to the cups by means of putty. In the center of the main tube, and 

 on the opposite side from the cups, is a third cup or socket to receive 

 a staff or tripod. The bottom of the the bottles must be removed be- 

 fore they are inserted into the cups. Now remove the stopper of one 

 of the bottles and pour in water that has been colored red or some 

 bright color by analine or other coloring matter. Now set the tube on 

 a staff or tripod by inserting the top of the staff into the center socket. 

 Eemove both corks and the top of the colored water will describe a 

 level, no matter whether it stands at the the same level or height in 

 each bottle or not. The water should be poured in until the tube is 

 full, and it stands one-half to two-thirds to the tops of the bottles. 



Colored water will give a much better definition than will uncol- 

 ored. 



In laying out and building roads and drives, as well as walks, it i& 

 sometimes necessary to define, produce or extend an incline or hori- 

 zontal plane. Get three pieces of lath and cut them exactly the same 

 length. Set one piece at one point on grade and another piece at 

 another. Set up the third piece, either between or outside the first 

 two. Sight over the tops of all three pieces. The surface on which 

 the third piece stands will be as much below or above grade as its top 

 is below or above the plane described by the tops of the first two. 

 Keep all three pieces vertical while in use. 



It is often necessary in tree-planting and in making surveys for 

 foundations to stake off a right angle. Establish the corner point "A.'^ 

 Along one line measure 40 feet and set stake " B," go back to "A" 

 and measure at right angles 30 feet and set "C. ' Now make 50 feet 

 the distance from " B " to " C " and you will have described a right or 

 90° angle at "A." 



To describe a 45° angle, measure out on each of the two lines that 

 describe the 90° angle the same distance, say 20 feet. Connect these 

 two 20-foot points. Find the center of the connecting line. From 

 this center point draw a line back to the corner. This last line and 

 either of the first two will describe a 45° angle. 



A square may be staked off by making each of its diagonals 1.414 

 times one of its equal sides. Suppose we wish to stake oft' a square 

 whose sides shall each be 50 feet. Estaolish two points, "A" and ''B," 

 50 feet apart. At right angles, 50 feet distant, set " C," and at right 

 angles to the last line set "D", distant 50 feet from "O " and "A." 

 Now move both " C" and " D " until " C " shall be 1.414 times 50 feet 



