290 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



"A" "C" or 30. Then 30 is to 60 as 40 is to 40 times 60 equal 240. 

 Divide by 30 and the quotient is 80. The line "A" "B" is then 80, 



In all cases, multiply the line "A" "0" by the line "C" "F," which 

 is the same as "A" "D," and divide by "B" "F." The result will be the 

 line "A" "B" or the distance from "A" to "B." 



To measure the height of an object, say a tree, proceed as fol- 

 lows : Take a light packing box, say 20 by 36 inches in width and 

 length. The depth is immaterial. Stand the box on end and drive a 

 small wire nail into one corner. Measure down the side of the box a 

 distance equal to the width of the box, say 20 inches, and set another 

 wire nail. The line described by these two nails is 45° from either a 

 vertical or horizontal. Set the box as far, approximately, from the 

 tree as the tree is high. Level the box, keeping the end with the nail 

 in the corner up. Sight over the two nails and to the tree. Move the 

 box until the two nails and the top of the tree are on the same line. 

 i^Tow the distance from the lower nail to the tree is the same as from 

 that point to top of tree. While the box is yet level on top, sight over 

 the top and see where the line described by the top of the box will 

 strike the tree. The height of the tree, as just determined, is the dis- 

 tance above this line. If it strikes five feet from the ground on side 

 of the tree, that much must be added. If it strikes into the ground 

 before reaching the tree, the distance below the surface must be esti- 

 mated and subtracted in order to determine the true height of the tree. 



It is surprising how many important things are omitted from the 

 arithmetics in common use. I will discuss a few of them. 



A gallon contains 231 cubic inches, and a bushel 2150.4 cubic 

 inches. It would take, then, 9.31 or about 9J gallons to fill a bushel 

 measure, and not 8 gallons as many suppose. 



A liquid quart is one-fourth of 231 cubic inches. A iiry quart is 

 one thirty-second of 2150.4 cubic inches. The first contains, then, 571 

 and the latter 67 1-5 cubic inches. 



The dealer should remember that a quart of berries, if measured 

 in a liquid quart, will be about 10 cubic inches short. 



A cubic foot contains 1728 and a bushel 2150.4 cubic inches. 

 These numbers are to each other almost exactly as 8 is to 10. To 

 change cubic feet to bushels multiply by 810. To change bushels to 

 cubic feet divide by that fraction. The error is about 15 quarts in 100 

 bushels. If perfect accuracy is required, use the decimal .8036 instead 

 of 8-10. 



There are 231 cubic inches in one gallon and 1728 cubic inches in 

 one cubic foot. There are, then, 7.48 gallons in one cubic foot — 7i 

 gallons would be near enough for making an estimate. 



