WINTER MEETING. 319 



The gardens at Paris and Berlin are also celebrated. 



82. Mention some notable tlower gardens. 



Some of the most noted private flower gardens are the following : 



The grounds of Adolph Sutro, in the suburbs of San Francisco ; 

 the grounds of- Prof. C. S. Sargent, at Brookline, Mass.; many English 

 estates, notably the Duke of Bedford's place at Chatsworth ; the 

 grounds of M. de Vilmorin at Verrier, France ; many places on the 

 Riviera, notably the grounds of Mr. Thomas Hanbury, at La Mortola ; 

 several fine gardens in the Azores, notably those of Senhor Jose da 

 Canto, at Ponta Delgada and the Furnas. 



33. Mention some notable vegetable gardens. 



The grounds of the large seedmen, like Haage & Schmidt, Vilmorin- 

 Aunrieux and others are the largest. A fine one is that of the late 

 J. M. Smith, at Green Bay, Wis. 



34. What are the most destructive insects to the apple-tree ? 

 The woolly aphis on the roots ; the round-headed and flat-headed 



borers in the trunk ; the canker worm on the leaves and the codling- 

 raoth in the fruit. 



35. How many these insects be recognized ? 



The woolly aphis or apple root plant-louse may be found both on 

 the roots and on the trunk of the tree. Upon the roots its punctures 

 are peculiarly poisonous, causing knots and swellings of all shapes and 

 sizes, upon and between which it lives until the sap can no longer cir- 

 culate, when it migrates to healthy roots, which it deadens in the same 

 way. The diseased roots gradually decay and drop off, and when a 

 large proportion are attacked the tree perishes. 



The young lice are of a pale-yellow color, but as they grow acquire 

 a purplish hue and are more or less densly covered with a bluish white 

 €ottony-matter which is excreted from the pores of the skin. The full 

 grown, wingless insect is of about the size of the head of a common 

 pin, but of an oval-shape. It has six slender legs, and the mouth is in 

 the shape of a needle like beak. With this it pierces the skin and ex- 

 tracts the sap. Like all plant-lice this species produces, during the 

 growing season, numerous generations of living young, by a process 

 analogous to the multiplication of .plants by buds, slips and layers. 

 This kind of reproduction is peculiar to the Aphididci;. The insect 

 spreads from orchard to orchard by means of winged individuals that 

 develop above ground, mainly on suckers around the base of the tree, 

 and in the axils of the leaves or on any bruised portion of the trunk. 

 During very wet seasons this aerial form is apt to be more numerous 

 than the subterranean. Late in the fall the true males and females are 

 produced and the latter lay great numbers of glossy, black eggs in 



