322 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



wiage of a pale gray color, variegated with pale brown lines and white 

 dots and deeply fringed. The females, on the contrary, have no wings 

 at all, but look very much like a heavy-bodied spider. They crawl up 

 the trunk of the nearest apple tree, and lay their tiny pearly eggs in 

 masses of from fifty to one hundred or more in the axils of the twigs 

 or under scales of the bark. From these eggs the larva3 hatch in ten 

 days or two weeks. 



.The fact that the females of this species never have wings gives 

 as complete mastery of it when once its habits are known. All that 

 is necessary to exclude it from the foliage is to encircle the trunk two 

 or three feet from the ground with some sort of sticky or fibrous band. 

 In this the female will be trapped, and will be prevented from laying 

 her eggs where the larvue can find the leaves. Tar of any sort mixed 

 with oil to prevent rapid drying and applied either directly to the tree 

 or upon a band of paper has been much used. Cotton batting cut in 

 strips four inches wide held close to the trunk with a twine string also 

 makes an excellent trap. 



Where spraying with Paris green is practiced as soon as the fruit 

 is set these preventive measures are not necessary, as the worms are 

 poisoned before they have had time to do much injury. 



The fruit of the apple has several important enemies, but among 

 these the codling moth fCarpocapsa pomonellaj is by far the most gen- 

 erally distributed and destructive. This, insect is of European origin, 

 but has been a recognized fruit pest in this country for 50 or CO years. 



The moths, which are the parents of the disgusting apple worms, 

 appear early in the spriog from under scales of bark or between 

 boards, or from cellars and store-rooms where the worms had spun up. 

 They are very pretty creatures, with broad wings, which appear like 

 brown watered silk, ornamented near the outer edge with a large horse- 

 shoe-shaped spot in burnished bronze or copper color. They fly only 

 at night, unless disturbed, and are not attracted either to light or 

 sweets. The first brood places its eggs upon the apples as soon as 

 they begin to form, always in the cup of the calyx. The tiny caterpil- 

 lars hatch in about a week and begin to eat their way toward the core. 

 The tunnels by which they entered are enlarged frpni time to time and 

 a part of the castings are pushed out through them. As it grows the 

 larva works back and forth around the core and causes the center of 

 the fipple to decay and would thus impairing the flavor of even the 

 portion that is uninjured. 



The full-grown worm is somewhat more than one-half inch long 

 and one-tenth inch in diameter. It is of a pinkish white color, dotted 

 with minute pale brown, glassy spots from each of which arises a light 



