IJN-DIANA HORTICULTUEAL SOCIETY. 261 



copperas in an old floni' sack and hang it in the water, and pnt the 

 twelve pounds of lime in a vessel and pump water on it until it slacks. 

 Let it all stand until next day, and then thoroughly stir and mix the two 

 together and strain into the spray barrel, adding the one-half pound of 

 Paris-green and you are ready for the operation. The barrel should 

 be placed upon a wagon, a boy to drive and some one to pump, and one 

 to hold the hose and do the spraying. This should not take over an hour 

 to thoroughly spray from 200 to oOO trees. The whole operation has not 

 cost in money over .$1, and two hours of time; and for the three sprayings 

 necessary would not cost more than $3 and six hours of time. Not a very 

 costly or very mysterious operation, considering the great results obtained 

 from it. 



If these simple facts coiild be impressed upon the farmers of the 

 country, I believe ninety per cent, of them would practice it regularly, 

 and add a gi-eat source of wealth to the State. 



The three sprayings necessary should be done about as follows: First 

 one about the time the buds begin to swell, the second about the time 

 blossoms have fallen from the treesi, and the third about ten days later. 

 The spray should be a fine mist, and the mixture should be kept thor- 

 oughly stirred. Never use a sprayer that does not throw a fine spray, and 

 keep the material well stirred, and never do it at all unless you do it 

 thoroughly. Some of the prejudices to spraying have come about by 

 some crank going over the country with a fifty-cent squirt gun and 

 spraying farmers' orchards at so much per ti'ee. Such a man stopped 

 at my place once and if ever a man got a raking he did. Spraying is the 

 finishing touch to the orchard and fruit as the paint to the house or 

 label to the package. 



This subject of spraying and care of the orchard should be on every 

 Farmers' Institute program, and should be made a special work by State 

 and local Horticultural Societies, as I can see no good in farmers plant- 

 ing new trees unless they are taught how to care for the old ones. They 

 should be taught how to care for them, and then be compelled to do one 

 of two things, spray and care for them or cut them down and remove 

 the home of nine-tenths of the fruit pests of the country. 



The State Entomologist should be a man that could devote his whole 

 time and attention to the fruit interest of the State. Indiana is far 

 behind, in this line of her resources, any of her sister Sta!tes. Instead of 

 importing ,$1,000,000 worth of apples for home consumption, we should 

 export four times this amount. There is no better soil, climate or natural 

 conditions any place in the United States than Indiana affords, but the 

 people have not as yet taken advantage of these opportunities. 



It should be the duty of the State Entomologist to spend his whole 

 time in teaching farmers how to raise and care for orchards and fruit 

 crops. 



