INDIANA IIORTICULTURAI. SOCIETY. 273 



The spring following the winter that has finally ruined the clover crop 

 disk the land, run a smoothing harrow over it and reseed. But little seed 

 is needed, for much old seed will be found in the ground. This work 

 should be done early to get the most out of the seed in the ground. On 

 some clay soils where clover grows less surely, some gi'asses. may be 

 used with profit. The orchard and blue grasses are used by many. The 

 danger to be guarded carefully is to avoid pasturing the land too much. 

 This pasturing tends to pack the land and lessens the amount of mulch 

 that should cover the ground. 



BARNYARD MANURE. 



On the poorer clay land it is with difficulty that clovers can be started. 

 On such land the work of the clover is verj' much needed and barnyard 

 manure should be used as a top dressing, not so much for direct profit to 

 the ti-ees as to make sure the work of the clover. A few crops of cow 

 peas would make conditions favorable for clover growing. 



COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS. 



Commercial fertilizers may be used with profit in many parts of our 

 State during the first few years on the cultivated crops, between the row, 

 and at the time of seeding to clover or grass. A liberal supply on our 

 orchard land during these years will be profitable not only to the crops 

 in cultivation, but to the tree growth and fruitage as well. 



In conclusion, I would say that many orchards are m poor condition 

 because they are made a pasture lot or field. The result of this pastin-ing 

 is to exhaust the land of the water that the trees need, and removing 

 the vegetable matter that should rot on the land and act as a mulch for 

 the soil. 



DISCUSSION. 



Joe A. Burton: I would like to ask Mr. Keacli one question. Does 

 imes ( 

 storage? 



Grimes Golden retain its beautiful color and its high flavor in cold 



Jas. L. Keach: This I will say, however. Grimes Golden or any apple 

 would be better at maturity on the tree. I don't mean to hang on the 

 tree. I mean they should be picked at regular time, or picked when the 

 apples are matured. The Grimes Golden will keep their beautiful golden 

 color as readily as any apple. 



Prof. Jas. Troop: I will say, Mr. Chairman, that personally I have 

 had very little experience in keeping up fertility in the orchard, because 

 our orchard requires no fertilizing to keep the soil in good condition. All 

 1 have tried to do is to keep cover crops on the orchard. Have no use for 

 the commercial fertilizing with us. 



18-Board of A. 



