INDIANA HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 387 



him if be tries). The first step you tal^e aloug this line is to write to the 

 horticultural experimental stations. Tell them you would like to have 

 some of their bulletins on orchard pests and the methods of combatting 

 them. You help pay for the publication of these bulletins and you should 

 let the station known you are ready to read them. Also subscribe for the 

 Western Fruit Grower or the National Fruit Grower, or some other good 

 horticultural paper. 



Second. During the winter, any warn day when your trees are not 

 frozen, go out and relieve them carefully of all water sprouts and surplus 

 limbs and paint all wounds with a thick lead paint. Also burn all trim- 

 mings before spraying time arrives. 



Third. Pruning vsall enable you to do a much more thorough job of 

 spraying and will be one means of economical spraying aside from the 

 other 'benefits derived therefrom. 



Fourth. Secure, within the next year, the best pump on the market, 

 even if.it does cost a little more, because a cheap pump is often the dearest 

 in the long run. 



Fifth. Begin spraying on time and secure the purest chemicals. Make 

 a stock solution of your lime and sulphate at least one day before you use 

 it, and, if convenient, do not be afraid to make up enough to last a week. 

 We slack enough to spray our whole orchard of 175 acres, when we begin, 

 and have used it when it had been slacked much longer than ten days, 

 with no ill effect. Be very careful, however, and do not let your lime get 

 dry at any time. 



When making bordeaux, dilute both the lime and sulphate water 

 freely before they are poured together and thus secure, after a thorough 

 stirring, the best possible mixture. For this purpose we use three elevated 

 tanks which is a very convenient and economical way of mixing the solu- 

 tion and filling the spray tanks. By this method the very best mixture 

 is secured and one that will stay in solution or suspension longer than 

 when made in the ordinary waJ^ Never be afraid to stir your solution too 

 much. 



The three-elevated-tank system is the ideal one for the commercial 

 orchard man. However, if you^ are only running one outfit and do not 

 want to go to the trouble or expense of elevating the three tanks, the fol- 

 lowing method will be found a gi-eat deal better than the old way of mix- 

 ing: Elevate two barrels that have a one and a half inch hose attached 

 to the bottom of each and be sure that the bottom of the barrels is at least 

 four inches higher than the top of your spray tank. Put the required 

 amount of lime for one tankful in one barrel and the right amount of 

 sulphate in the other and fill each ban-el with water. Stir each barrel 

 thoroughly, then drop the end of each hose into a strainer through which 

 the diluted solution of lime and copper sulphate runs i;ito your spray 

 tank. The liquids thus become pretty well mixed as they run through the 

 strainer together. While the barrels are being emptied pump into the 



