4. PIED FLYCATCHER. 
half, or more, and reach to one third of the length of the 
tail. Greater wing coverts, brownish black, edged with white, 
in some tipped with white on one web; lesser wing coverts, 
dark grey. Primaries and secondaries as the neck, white at 
the base of the feathers. The first feather less than half the 
length of the second, which itself is equal to the fifth, the 
fourth longer than the second, the third the longest; tertiaries, 
white, in some at the base, in others on the outer webs, in 
many on the whole of three feathers, but only on part of 
the first; tips black. Tail, black, with the exception of the 
basal half of the outer web of the outer feather, but it is 
said to be totally black in age; in younger birds the whole 
of the inner web also, of the outer, and of the next feather 
is white, as is part of the outer web of the third. Tail 
coverts, greyish black; under tail coverts, white; legs, toes, 
and claws, black. 
Female; forehead, dull white; in some, dependent on age, 
black like the head; crown, neck, and nape, dark brown; chin, 
throat, and breast, dull white, tinged on the upper part with 
dusky yellow. Back, blackish grey; greater wing coverts, 
dark brown, edged with dull white; lesser wing coverts, dark 
brown; primaries, brownish black; tertiaries, dark brown, edged 
with dull white. Tail, dull black; legs, toes, and claws, 
black. 
The young are at first much mottled over with dull white 
spots on the back, and with brown on the breast; when a 
year old the bill is black, brown at the base, a dusky streak 
descends from it along the sides of the neck; iris, brown; 
forehead, with less white, and more dull; head, crown, neck, 
and nape, grey tinged with brown; chin and throat, white or 
yellowish white; breast the same, tinged with grey or brown 
on the sides; back, as the head. Greater wing coverts, greyish 
brown, tipped with yellowish white; lesser wing coverts, grey 
tinged with brown; primaries, brownish black; the fourth and 
next ones have a white spot at the base of the outer web; 
the two nearest the body margined with white; secondaries, 
brownish black; tertiaries, brownish black, three of them 
shghtly margined with white, and a white spot at the base. 
Tail, brownish black, the three outer feathers edged with 
white; tail coverts, dark grey; under tail coverts, white; legs, 
toes, and claws, dark slate-colour. 
