ROCK PIPIT. 195 
are wholly, or almost wholly, brown, and some wholly greenish 
erey, with a streak surrounding the base. 
The young ‘are hatched early in the spring. 
Male; weight, about seven drachms; length, six inches and 
three quarters, or nearly so; bill, dusky, the upper one yellowish 
brown, except at the tip, and both yellowish at the base; iris, 
deep brown; over it is a narrow yellowish white or whitish 
streak, not always conspicuous, sometimes tinged with green, 
and another beneath the hinder part of it. There are a few 
short bristly feathers at the base of the bill; head and crown, 
brown with a tinge of olive, the shafts of the feathers being 
a little darker; neck on the sides, greenish white, with brown 
streaks; on the back it is the same as the head, as is the 
nape. Chin, dull yellowish white, the middle of each feather 
by the shaft deeper coloured; throat, dull yellowish white, 
streaked with brown; breast, dull greenish white, with brown 
spots and streaks; lower down it is yellowish white, with only 
a few dark brown streaks, and on the sides olive brown; back, 
dull greenish brown, the centre of each feather dark brown. 
The wings have the first quill feather the longest of the 
whole, the next three successively a little shorter, the fifth 
still shorter; greater and lesser wing coverts, dusky, edged 
with pale olive; primaries, secondaries, and tertiaries, the same. 
Tail, dusky; it is rather long, and extends nearly an inch 
and a half beyond the wings when closed; the outside feather 
has the outer web and part of the inner one dull greenish 
white, the tip whitish; the second feather is only edged at 
the end and tip with this colour, the others are fringed with 
light olive; there is most white on these feathers in the 
spring season; the two central ones are lighter coloured and 
shorter than the others, and the next three on each side very 
dark brown; upper tail coverts, dull greenish brown; under 
tail coverts, light brown, or pale yellowish or greenish white, 
changing to almost white. Legs, reddish brown; toes, the 
same; claws, black, and somewhat curved, the hinder one much 
more than the rest, and longer than the toe. 
These birds are more or less tinged with grey, and less or 
more with the olive colour, according to the season of the 
ear. 
The female is very similar to the male in plumage, and 
nearly, but not quite, of equal length. 
In the young, the bill is lighter coloured at the base; the 
head, crown, neck on the back, and nape, are tinted with 
