118 Nores To THE Extra OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JANUARY 0—9, 1845. 
NOTES ON THE AURORZ BOREALES SEEN AT MAKERSTOUN. 
Jan. 015 10. The sky looks more milky to N. than in any other quarter. Aurora? 
Jan. 16 5. Aurora to W.; faint and diffuse. Fog commencing; dense fog at 20™. 
Jan. 7 Aurora seen in Orkney. 
9 7 10. Faint auroral band 8° high. 20™, Slight pulsations in the aurora, 
8 5. Fine auroral arch, about 10° altitude at the vertex. 
8 15. Measured and found the summit of the arch 155 altitude, the one extremity nests the horizon a 
N. 45° E., the other about W. 13° N., but this extremity is so diffuse that the measure is b 
rough. < 
8 35. The aa nearly meets the horizon at NE. ; faint and diffuse to W. 55™. Triple arch; the middle 
one has its greatest altitude 29°; brushes below the arches to NNE. 
9 5. The aurora ina series of four arches, stretches across the sky from WSW. to ENE., crossing near 
the zenith ; diffuse broad arches with dark strips of sky between. The E, extremity rises in 
brushes a few degrees above the horizon. q 
9 19. Aurora in two arches, one passing 5° or 6° N. of zenith, the other 20° high; 40° of sky between the 
arches. 24m, The upper arch passes through the zenith ; faint brush to NNE, below the lower 
arch. 29™, Faint portion of upper arch with the W. extremity visible; lower arch breaking in 
the middle, the two portions making a sharp angle with each other ; pencils below to N by E. 
34m, The western extremity of the upper arch has two branches, one passing 10° to S., the other 
10° to N. of zenith; pencils to N by E. 
9 42. Aurora bright to W., passing 25° S. of zenith, terminating in a bright patch to E.; middle of W. 
extremity of arch W. 22° S.,. of E. extremity of arch E. 18° N. Altitude of lower arch 23°. 
45. W. portion of upper arch 60° i te length, split into two; lower arch bright to NE. 49™, Pencil riser 
from W.28°S. 51™. Three pencils from the same point; patch of aurora, altitude of centre 
76° above E. 14° N ; disappeared at 52™, 654™, The upper extremity of the W. pencils attains 
the altitude 29° above S. 24° W. 65™. Lower arch very steady and complete azimuths of the 
extremities W. 3° N., and N. 48° E. 
56. Brushes to W. brighter, varying in intensity. Lower arch, altitude 24°, breadth about 4°. (The 
measures of altitude of the summit of arches are always made in the magnetic meridian, and the 
highest portion of the belt is taken). 
8. Western portion of the upper arch nearly extinct. 
10 4. The lower arch has broken into a seried rank of pencils, very beautiful and of a bright light-green; 
a portion of a lower arch visible at the E. extremity; the whole of the arches consists of series 
of pencils or brushes. 6™. A very luminous pencil to NNW., very bright to N. 7™. Bright to 
NW. The pencils start up everywhere, moving both vertically and sideways ; generally they 
are of a beautiful light-green, but some of the most vivid are tinged with red. The pencils rarel, 
if ever exceed 10° in length ; no long streamers seen. 8™. A patch to SW. ; the pencils below the 
arch are now less distinct. 
12. Auroral arch below quite diffuse ; mass of streamers, not distinct. 13™, Faint patches cross near 
the zenith like a portion of the upper arch again. 
134. Meteor with reddish, sparky tail, from 37° to 27° of altitude above E, 35° 8., shot nearly vertically 
down. 
15. The lower arch now an amorphous mass of patches. 153™, Arch forming, altitude 65°, disappearing 
immediately ; pencils to NE. 
16-17. Patch to ENE., 25° altitude. This patch, which has reappeared frequently, seems to belong to 
the highest arch. 18™, Portion of an arch nearly across the zenith, another to S. of zenith 
from W., as at first. 19™. Bright patches to NE. 
20. Bright arch passes 10° SSE. of zenith, altitude of summit of lower edge 61° above SSE. 21™, Sum- 
mit of lower edge 56° above SSE. The lower arch to N. in one diffuse mass. 
223. The arch passing to S. of the zenith, has split into two portions ; the azimuths of the extremities of the 
lower portion are W. 33° S., and E.13° N. 24™. Streamer due W., bright to W., streamer to N. 
25. The lowest edge of the arch to S. has the altitude of 37° above SSE. There has been a belt of 
cirrous clouds from W. to N. throughout these observations. 
10 30. Auroral arch to S., about 30° altitude; bright to SW. { 
32. Still bright to SW., but the arch is nearly away. 86™. Bright patch on SW. horizon; aurora 
faint to N.; cirro-strati rising. 
40. Patches to SSW., 20° altitude, faint; aurora faint to N., with faint streamers below ; faint on SW. 
horizon ; cirro-strati rising to N. 4 
55. Rapid pulsations and streamers. , 
11 3. Pulsations to an altitude of 50°. 
