ON PROBLEMS IN INDO-GERMAN PHILOLOGY. 155 



shown, signifies ' the 'tower-builders.' I am prepared to prove, that both in 

 Greece and Italy the Pelasgians were the original architects, that the Dorians 

 in the former case, and the Etruscans in the latter, borrowed the arts of the 

 nation which they subdued, and that the so-called Dorian architecture was 

 imported, in a complete form, from Asia Minor. Just in the same way we 

 find that the North American Aztecs who conquered Mexico adopted the 

 arts which the civilized Toltecs had previously established there. It is worthy 

 of remark that the name Toltec is a synonym for 'architect' (Prescott, 

 Conquest of Mexico, i. p. 12). Their capital Tula may therefore be com- 

 pared with Tyrrha, from which the Tyrrhenians derived their origin. In 

 general, the mixed race of Aztecs and Toltecs, which Cortez found in 

 Mexico, with their gorgeous luxury, their skill in cookery, &c., remind one 

 very much of the Etrurians. 



On the fullest consideration, I cannot assent to the opinion of Otfried 

 Miiller {Etr. i. 71), that the name Etruscus is another form of Tyrsenus\ 

 and in spite of its alluring facility, I feel myself obliged to abandon the fa- 

 vourite hypothesis that Rasena is a mutilation of Tarasena, the genuine form 

 of thePelasgian designation. The true philologer will find theproofs of a com- 

 mon origin in forms presenting to the unskilful eye the marks of an almost total 

 dissimilitude, and he will also, in many cases, reject as inconclusive the most 

 striking evidences of merely outward resemblance. He knows, for example, 

 that sero, sertus, is a difierent word from sero, situs; and that the concessive 

 modo has no connexion with the ablative of modus. It is therefore not a sci- 

 entific procedure to conclude that Etruria and Etruscus, which always begin 

 Vi'\thEovHe, are elongated forms of Tuscus and Tyrsenus ; or conversely that 

 Rasena is a mutilation of a more original word beginning with T. If we admit 

 the RhcBtian origin of the Etruscans, the name Rasena must stand. And as 

 Et-rus-ci or Het-rus-ci presumes an original Het-rus-i, it would be more rea- 

 sonable to conclude that this term comprises the root ras, with a significant 

 prefix, and Niebuhr has shown that Ras-ena contains this root with the aftix 

 -ena found in Pors-ena, &c. The old Scandinavian will tell us what this 

 prefix means ; for in Icelandic hetia is ' a warrior or soldier,' and in the same 

 language ras implies rapidity of motion : so that the Ras-ena and Het-rusi 

 would be as good names for a warrior tribe as TroSas diuvs was for Achilles, and 

 Owes for a troop of predaceous animals. Another identification of similar 

 roots must be equally avoided. Nothing is more natural at first sight than 

 to suppose that the names Tapx^vioi/, Tarkynia, Tarquinii, are harder fornas 

 of the Pelasgian Tvpirijvds. But there is a conclusive reason against this 

 assumed identity, which has not yet occurred to any philologer. If rapx- or 

 rpox- and rvp-a- belonged to the same root, the latter must be a secondary 

 or assibilated form of the other. Now to say nothing of the fact that the a- of 

 rvp-fftiios and rvp-cris belongs to the termination, and is not found in rup- 

 avvos, &c., it is clear l^at the form rvp-crjjvds is the only one which was ever 

 known to the Pelasgians in Greece, whereas the harder form belongs to the 

 later or mixed race in Italy. It would be, therefore, more reasonable to 

 conclude that while Tvp-arivos is the Pelasgian, whether in Italy or Greece, 

 the Tar-chons and Tar-quins belong to the Etruscans properly so-called. 

 Now if we admit this, we at once fall back upon the Scandinavian race. 

 For the prefix Tor or Thor is a certain indication of the presence of the 

 North-men. Thus we have the town of Thor-igny m the N.W. of Normandy, 

 where the termination is the same as that of many other towns in the same 

 district, as Formigny, Juvigny, &c., and corresponds to the Danish termina- 

 tion -inge, as Bellinge, Helsinge, &c. (Etienne Borring, Sur la Limite meri- 

 dionale de la Monarchic Da7ioise. Paris, 1849, p. 9). It is worthy of remark 



