TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 67 



short terrestrial glaciers, and he compares the ancient condition of the upper end of 

 Loch Fyne and other salt-water lakes of the West Highlands to the present fiords of 

 Norway, where snowy ridges terminate seawards in glaciers which advance to near 

 the water's edge. A sudden upheaval of such tracts would, in dislocating the glaciers 

 and in throwing off a mixed icy drift, he contends, produce appearances like those on 

 the coasts of Scotland. 



On neiu Fossil Mammalia from the Eocene Freshwater Formation at 

 Hordwell, Hants. By Professor Owen, F.R.S. 



The specimens described were from the collection of the Marchioness of Hastings, 

 and belonged to the genera Paloplotherium, Xiphodon, Dichodon, and HijcBuodon. 

 The genus Paloplotherium (Owen) is the link which connects the Tapir, Rhinoceros 

 and Palaeothere with the Hippothere and Horse. It differs essentially from the Ano- 

 plotherium in having a long interval between the molar and canine teeth, and in 

 having the external nostril formed by six bones instead of four. From Palaeotherium 

 it differs in having only six molars on each side of the upper jaw. The species (P. 

 annectens) found at Hordwell also occurs in the lignite formation of Gargas, Vaucluse. 

 The genus Dichodon agrees with Aiioplotherium in having an uninterrupted series of 

 teeth ; remains of two species (D. cuspidatus and dorcas) have been found at Hordwell. 

 Of the genus Xiphodon an almost entire lower jaw (distinct from the X. gracilis of 

 Cuvier) has been obtained ; also an entire lower jaw of the Hyanodon, — a genus 

 " so remarkable amongst the carnivorous order for retaining the normal formula of 

 the dentition of monophyodont placentals, and for the truly carnassial form of the 

 three true molars." The Hordwell specimen agrees with the H. minor of M. Gervais, 

 from the lacustrine, marls of Alais. 



. On the Fossil Mammalia of the Bed Crag. By Professor Owen, F.R.S. 



On the Structure of the Crag. By John Phillips, F.R.S. 



The author presented in the first place a general view of the geological constitution 

 of the country round Ipswich, illustrating the vertical succession, horizontal area, mi- 

 neral character and organic contents of the visible strata, the lowest of which is chalk. 

 Referring then to the admirable labours of Mr. Searles Wood, by whom the numerous 

 testacea of the Crag had been beautifully described and figured ; to Professor Owen, 

 to whom the distinction of many unexpected mammalian forms in this deposit was 

 due ; and to Mr. Colchester, who discovered the oldest of these forms ; to Mr. Charles- 

 worth, who first classed the Crag into the three departments of Coralline, Red and 

 Mammahferous Crag ; to Lyell, Forbes and Prestwich, and finally to Henslow, who 

 called attention to the now very profitable mass of phosphatic nodules ('coprolites'), 

 the author limited his following remarks to certain facts in the physical structure of 

 the Red Crag, which appeared to throw a definite light on the condition of the waters 

 and sea bed, at the epoch when this rich shelly deposit took place. 



First, he showed that the London clay, the general base of the whole deposit of the 

 red and coralline crags, had been enormously wasted by the sea, and reduced to a thin 

 portion with a nearly level though uneven top. On this the red crag was deposited, 

 in laminae very frequently deviating from the horizontal, often inclined in different 

 directions, more or less filled with a rude mixture of shells, entire or broken or worn, 

 most frequently with valves separated ; pebbles of flint and water-worn lumps of bone, 

 phosphatic nodules, sharks' teeth, and a variety of other substances. Towards the base 

 of the deposit, in many irregular streams or veins, the larger and heavier of these 

 nodules were often collected together, and sometimes mixed with great lumps of chalk 

 flint. Above and below these veins of (so-called) coprolite, was usually a series of 

 nearly horizontal bands of argillaceous marl, throwing out water ; sometimes two of 

 these layers of nodules occur, the lower being then thickest. In other places, where 

 coprolites do not occur in abundance, the lower parts of the red crag are formed by 

 alternating thin clays or loams (probably derived from the London clay beneath), and 

 thin bands of coarse shelly crag. Thus, intervals of comparative tranquillity are seen 

 to have intervened between recurring periods of watery agitation. In the highest 

 parts of the deposit a vast variety of the effects of agitated water occur, and proof at 



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