TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 69 



The Rev. T. Rankin stated that the parish church of North Dalton, near Beverley, 

 stands on a small mound with a pond below. The mound is a mass of chalky gravel, 

 usually supposed to be artificial, but the writer regards it as a mass of drift left by 

 currents, and assigned his reasons for the opinion. 



Mr. C. B. Rose exhibited the Antler of a Rein-deer, found by Captain Alexander 

 below the cliff near Southwold, and probably derived from the glacial deposits of which 

 the upper part of those cliffs is formed. As it was the first occurrence of the animal 

 in Suffolk, he presented the specimen to the Ipswich Museum. He also showed a 

 very small recent-looking antler of a fallow-deer obtained from a fen at Roydon, near 

 Diss. It was found at the depth of 4 or 5 feet, associated with remains of the 

 Red-deer, Roebuck and Ox. Mr. Rose quoted the opinion of Dr. Fleming, that the 

 fallow-deer was a native of Britain*; Dr. F. having refeiTed, among others, to Lesley 

 (De Or. Scot. p. 5), who mentions, among the objects which the huntsman pursued 

 with dogs, "Cervum, damam, aut capream;" in which he was supported by Mr. 

 Strickland, who remarked also, that the Rein- deer had been found with the Irish Elk 

 in the marl under a peat bog on the coast of Holderness. 



On Klinology in reference to the Bavarian Alps. 

 By Dr. Schafhaeutl, of Munich. 



The Alps surpass all other European mountains both in grandeur and in complexity 

 of geological structure. Their central ranges consist chiefly of crystalline and meta- 

 morphic rocks, — their borders of sedimentary strata ; some of the newest of these strata 

 have the greatest breadth, elevation, and mas^', attaining a height of 10,000 feet above 

 the sea. Fossils are often very scarce ; and when they do occur, those of several for- 

 mations have become mixed together, on account of the frequent repetition of the 

 formations by mechanical displacement. Dr. Schafhaeutl recommends the study of 

 the intimate structure of the beds, — a mode of investigation which he terms "Klino- 

 logy." It has long been admitted that the newer rocks have generally a lower specific 

 gravity, and are less compact or crystalline than the older strata; and the remarks of 

 Ehrenberg have shown that the microscope may be employed to detect minute struc- 

 tural as well as organic peculiarities. Even by placing rock specimens in distilled 

 water, outlines and designs may be brought out which were before invisible; and still 

 more maybe learned by the application of hydrochloric acid, or by studying weathered 

 surfaces. As examples of the importance of attending to minute characters, the author 

 mentioned that the red sandstone of Berchtesgiiden had been considered the equiva- 

 lent of the old red schists of Salzburg ; but lie had detected the existence of green 

 particles in this sandstone ; and had traced them to a distance increasing in numbers 

 until the red sandstone became green, and was clearly recognizable as a lower mem- 

 ber of the Cretaceous group. In a similar manner he had ascertained that the black 

 lias-like schist of M. Beseler, in the western Bavarian .A.lps, was also " greensand." 

 Microscopic fragments of characteristic shells, like the Caprofina, had been found by 

 him where entire specimens were wanting ; and in some of the lofty Alpine limestones 

 which are destitute of fossils, he had detected microscopic remains which showed their 

 origin, like that of the chalk formation, to have been intimately connected with " the 

 wide-spread and powerful-working spirit of life developing itself in forms invisible to 

 the unassisted eye." 



On the Geology of a part of the Himalaya and Thibet. 

 By Captain Strachey, Bengal Engineers. 



Captain Strachey pointed out on a large map the great elevated region of Central 

 Asia, extending from the sources of the Oxus to the Yellow River of China ; bounded 

 on the north by the Kouenlun mountains, on the south by the Himalaya, which form 

 the southern face of the elevated region, rather than a separately existing chain. 

 Little is known of the interior and northern part of the region, but it appears to be 

 broken up into a mass of mountains, where valleys as well as the ridges have a very 



* The fallow-deer is usually considered to have been introduced from the East ; it is re- 

 presented on one of the Nineveh marbles. No unequivocal remains have been found fossil 

 in Britaio. 



