74 REPORT—1850. 
(which dipped considerably down town towards the horizon) a slippery surface, thus 
occasioning many splits and separations of the above-resting strata, some remaining 
on the same elevation as before, others having sunk down or broken off, as it were, so 
that the strata no longer fit together, and there is a split between. These divisions 
or gaps, which were of a surface breadth of from ten to thirty feet, and in depth 
from twenty to fifty feet, were filled with sand, flint-stone, and pebbles. Amongst 
them I found remains of the Horse, the Marmot, the Deer, and others. The other 
parts consisted of the fragments of broken rock from either side, unmixed with 
diluvial remains or any foreign substances. This enabled me to perceive that nature 
had by these means preserved the mark of what the water-level had been in an an- 
terior period. It is usually held as true, that once the Valley of the Rhine, from 
Strasburg to Bingen, was under water, and knownas the Binnen or Inland Lake. The 
indubitable traces which the waters of this lake have left behind them, support this 
theory. It has not, however, till now been easy to decide what their surface level 
was. The above-mentioned crevices in the hill-side, however, seem to offer a de- 
cided clue. The upper crevices, those, namely, filled with diluvial remains, are but 
fourteen feet lower in level than the other ones which contain only the materials of 
the tertiary formation. The water may have had its normal level at the middle 
height of the two formations, which then would give it 115 English feet higher than 
the present Rhine bed. In proof of this, other appearances offer themselves. The 
precipices of the mountains which must have surrounded this lake, present, at this 
elevation, a direct line of precipice of about ten feet up and down, which seem to 
tell of the washing of the waves, the collision of ice-blocks, &c. Again, for the 
length of about 100 Englisn miles, we find, but never above the height of 115 feet, 
diluvial loam, flint-stone, and rolled stones. All the sand above this is desert or 
moveable sand. 
The outlet of this lake was apparently at Bingen, and it is probable that its waters 
descended by a considerable waterfall. At a later date it seems that the natural 
dam has given way, and that a mighty mass of water has all at once flowed down. 
Some time ago boring experiments were entered upon at Mayence, at the confluence 
of the Maine and Rhine, but at a depth of 240 feet down no rock was to be found ; 
alluvial formation was alone to be met with. 
Remarks on the Stonesfield Slate at Collyweston, near Stamford, and the 
Great Oolite, Inferior Oolite and Lias, in the Neighbourhood of Grantham. 
By the Rev. P. B. Broviz, M.A., F.G.S. 
The author presents the following notices of the Collyweston beds :— 
ft. in, 
1. Rubble, consisting chiefly of broken slate ......... 5 0 ; 
PEMA sgt tchcasencrevestecccertasGactascsdadetchstmecasd A few inches. 
3. Hard slate (ragstone) ....... ev ihabcavstcahas κα πο το 40 
ἘΠ ΠΥ ΘΠΟΥ BAUG) δε ταν ττθοσ σι τ ἐκκνεῖι κἀν ον οὐ ει Ξε Retsaesue 3 0 
ΣΡ ce cerat sev νον μα το υνοκον ον δα τον ἐγευ ενρε κάνεις τὸ δα. 
Ὁ. OM CLOW ἘΒΠΠ ας ρον, τον τορῖν ὁπ δ τον Seeessnsfaat emai OR 
7. Blue stone, with traces of vegetable matter an 6 
PTAC ΠΙΡΙΠΕΒ occ your sachs ᾽ν. τε τς ἐς τον δυνοτεςι ον: ὡς οὡς 
GO, IBLE cceccstsectdtctesuneemetcutereccersacscencscsascsceses 3 0 
18 6 
Further on some inferior strata are visible, vizi— 
Op. Sands. csi 2 Srotet ovat ἔνε bade d ἐννοςευζενεῦ» «οὐδεν. cobs 4 0 
10. Ferruginous Oolite ...........ceecesssseoeseees sees 14 0 
11. Clay ...... ἔν esetiticas vbbtise ec Chiba. obtcenehenp anesisaes 
Totalests.ssacssvess 86,6 
No remains of insects, fishes or reptiles were noticed, and other differences appear 
zoologically, between the slaty beds of Collyweston and Stonesfield, though their 
mineralogical characters and geological position are similar.’ The Collyweston 
