REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 OI 
numbers even as late as the latter part of October. A number of 
infested leaves, portions of plants, were received October 10, through 
Mr Haines, from Rhinebeck. They were placed on soil the 12th 
and at that time no pupae were manifest. The first adults appeared 
on the 22d, others emerged subsequently to the 26th, when about 
four were bred out. Another individual was obtained November 3 
and lived to the 5th at least. Owing to the fact that the plants 
could not be well cared for, it is probable that the period of the 
appearance of the flies was somewhat abridged by the unnatural 
conditions. The data above shows that not over 10 days are 
necessary from the time the larvae forsakes the plant till the appear- 
ance of the perfect fly and it may possibly be a little less. No pupae 
were observed on the leaves and there is no doubt but that the insect 
normally undergoes its final transformations in the soil. 
Remedies. The parent fly appears to be closely limited to the 
piants about which it breeds and apparently very local in habit. 
This leads us to suggest that it would be advisable to take every 
precaution to avoid the introduction of the pest with newly set 
plants, since a little effort along this line would result in com- 
parative immunity during most of the season. 
Another important factor in checking this insect appears to be 
keeping the temperature as low as possible in the early fall. The 
injuries were much more marked, for example, in certain houses 
where there was an attempt made to hasten the growth of the 
plants by keeping them warmer than usual, than in other houses 
where there was no effort made to force the plants. 
The experience of violet growers apparently indicates that fumi- 
gation with hydrocyanic acid gas is of comparatively little service 
in checking this pest. This is probably to be explained by the fact 
that they have been unable to give this treatment at a time when a 
majority of the flies were abroad and before a considerable pro- 
portion of the eggs had been deposited. It is presumably true that 
this powerful insecticide is of comparatively little value in killing the 
larvae, though it should be most effective in destroying the flies. 
Evidence at hand indicates a marked periodicity in the appearance 
of this insect and it is probable that a little observation would result 
in securing data which would enable a grower to fumigate at a 
period when most beneficial results could be obtained. 
Periodical cicada (Tibicen septendecim Linn.). This 
insect, on account of its large size and its appearance in hosts 
at long intervals in different localities, is of great popular interest. 
