REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 55 
is about 18 inches in diameter and at the time the photograph 
was taken was in rather thrifty condition despite the fact that one 
side was completely girdled by the operations of this borer. It 
will be seen, by reference to the illustration, that the dead area 
had already commenced to enlarge and it was, therefore, not sur- 
prising on examining the tree in November of this year to find 
that the area of the exposed wood had greatly increased. The 
gallery shown in the figure was approximately 4 feet from the 
ground. At the present time the entire affected side [pl. 2], from the 
ground to 8 or 10 feet above, is dead, the bark has decayed or 
fallen away, and a large proportion of the magnificent limbs and 
branches on that side of the tree has disappeared. This illustrates 
in a striking manner the destructive nature of this insect’s oper- 
ations. It is very probable that an injury of this character could 
be helped by bridge grafting, and it is presumable that extremely 
beneficial results would have been obtained even if this means had 
not been employed until two or three years after the initial injury, 
provided the bridge grafts were inserted in rather vigorous tissues. 
It certainly illustrates the necessity of closely watching our valuable 
maples and early adopting measures which will assist in their 
recovering from such injury. 
We have shown elsewhere that the early work of this insect is 
readily detected by a careful examination in the fall, and the labor 
involved in cutting out and destroying the young grubs is very 
slight in comparison with the value of the trees. Systematic ex- 
aminations by one familiar with the early operations of the borer 
should be most productive of good results and we commend the 
adoption of such methods to all villages possessing maples badly 
infested by this destructive insect. 
White marked tussock moth (Hemerocampa leuco- 
stigma Abb. & Sm.). This leaf feeder, like the elm leaf beetle, 
is preeminently a city pest. The season of 1905 was marked by 
extensive injuries by this species in Buffalo, Lockport, Geneva, 
Rochester, Syracuse, Utica, Albany, Troy and Brooklyn. Some of 
these municipalities, as a result of popular agitation, adopted more 
or less effective measures for the control of this pest, and many egg 
masses were collected and destroyed during the early spring of 
1906. Some sections of certain cities were largely freed from the 
pest as a result, while in other places the caterpillars were exceed- 
ingly abundant and destructive during the past season. This was 
particularly true in portions of New York and Brooklyn, Albany, 
Troy, Binghamton and Buffalo. 
