50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
the same was true the 31st. A few living scale insects were found 
only after considerable search, whereas on the trees sprayed with 
the other washes there was not much difficulty in finding live scales. 
October 15 the trees treated with this preparation had some living 
insects on the more inaccessible portions. There appeared to be 
absolutely none on the accessible limbs which were more thoroughly 
sprayed than those on the other side. The general results were 
very satisfactory indeed. 
Another formula, calling for 64 pounds lime, 5 pounds sulfur 
and 2 pounds caustic soda with 16 gallons of water was -prepared 
as follows: The dry materials were mixed together and then two 
pails of hot water added thereto. The reaction was very violent 
and the liquid was coloured a very dark red. There was little 
evidence of the greenish monosulphid. The combination was good 
though there was considerable sediment. It was applied April 13 
to several plum trees which had badly infested limbs and on the 
16th it was seen that the application had been very thorough. An 
examination May 31 resulted in finding a few living scale insects 
on these trees without much difficulty, and October 15 it was seen 
that there were very few living scales —in fact the treatment was 
very satisfactory. There was very little or no difference to be 
detected between these trees and those sprayed with the wash de- 
scribed above. 
The third formula, calling for 20 pounds limoid, 15 pounds sul- 
fur and 6 pounds caustic soda with 50 gallons water was used 
in one half the usual quantity. The dry materials were mixed 
together and the reaction started with two pails of hot water. 
It was prompt but very limited, owing to the fact that the lmoid 
added very little to its vigor. The boiling seemed to be due 
almost entirely to the presence of the caustic soda. This prepar- 
ation, after standing about two hours, was a light orange color 
with a somewhat greenish tint. It kept hot during this time. There 
was much sandy sediment and considerable undissolved sulfur or 
sulfur-lime. Perhaps 1 pound of the entire amount was in this 
condition. This wash was applied April 13 to apple trees with 
some limbs badly infested. May 9 this wash did not seem to have 
adhered as well as the others, and on the 31st it was not very 
difficult to find living scale insects. October 15 the trees sprayed 
with this mixture had distinctly more living scale insects than those 
treated with either of the above preparations in spite of the fact 
that the infestation was lighter than the others. There is no doubt 
