143 PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 



maceration in bicarbonate of ammonia to obtain calcareous shells, 

 and in weak acids or muriate of barytes to obtain siliceous shells. 

 Various members took specimens for examination. 



A letter was read from Captain Anderson, of the Cunaid steamer 

 Canada, from Liverpool to New York, accompanying specimens of the 

 soundings taken during his last voj'age across the Atlantic. Captain 

 Anderson was kind enough to send the soundings by post from 

 Queenstown, by which means they arrived just before the meeting. 



Mr. W. H. Heys, of Hazel Grrove, exhibited his newly invented 

 Kaloscope, by means of which he obtains refracted and reflected 

 light of different colours at the same time upon objects under the 

 microscope, producing beautiful effects in some cases. 



January 2^\st., 1861. — Letters were read by the Secretary from 

 Professor Huxley and from Mr. W. K. Parker, respecting soundings, 



Mr. Heys, of Hazel Grove, read a Paper " On the Kaloscope," 

 his newly invented instrument for the use of coloured light in the 

 examination of objects under the microscope. This the author 

 effects by two sets of four discs each of ditferently coloured glass, 21 

 inches in diameter, mounted on a stand 12 inches high, one set of 

 which is placed between the light and the bull's-eye condenser, and 

 the other between the light and the mirror underneath the stage, 

 each disc having an independent motion, so that the light can be 

 transmitted throui^h one or more of both sets at the same time ; wlien 

 the object appears of the colours refracted and reflected through the 

 discs. 



One of the important uses of the instrument is the protection of 

 the ej^e from injury occasioned by the use of common artificial light. 



Many objects which do not polarize, by the kaloscope are made 

 to disclose the beauties of polarized light; for instance, the anthers of 

 the mallow, with their pollen, when viewed by means of red light 

 below the stage, and at the same time green light (the complementary 

 colour) through the condenser, appear of a beautiful green colour on 

 a red or crimson ground. 



The author observes that some objects, viewed by means of the 

 kaloscope, appear in such relief that they might be supposed to be 

 seen through a stereoscope ; these are anthers, jointed hairs, oil- 

 glands, and vegetable sections in general. The calyx of the moss-rose 

 is alluded to, under ordinary illumination, as a mere entanglement of 

 fibres with dark beads ; but by this method it is transformed into a 

 stereoscopic branch, with glittering glands at its extremities. 



Sections of wood, spines of echini, &c., will be found as beautiiul 

 as with the polariscope ; but, by another arrangement, details are 

 brought out not observable with the latter instrument. A black 

 surface being placed below the stage, coloured light is thrown very 

 obliquely from the mirror, and the complementary colour through 

 the condenser ; hairs on the edges of leaves, petals, and filaments of 

 stamens, &c., then appear illuminated by the light of the condenser 

 of one colour, and fringed with the opposite colour on an intensely 

 black ground. The author gives a list of the botanical names of 



