REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1908 33 
1876 ————— The House Fly. Am. Nat. 10:476-80 
Observations on the life history and habits. 
1883 Harrington, W. H. House Flies. Ent. Soc. Ont. Rep’t. 1882. 
p. 38-44 
A somewhat extended discussion with quotations from Packard and other authorities. 
1884 E. P. W. Dangers from Flies. Nature, 29 :482-83 
Abstract of a note by Dr B. Grassi in which he calls attention to flies occurring upon 
various pathogenic materials and conveying germs to receptive membranous surfaces. 
Ophthalmia is noted as an Egyptian complaint, very probably carried by flies. Grassi's 
experiments show that flies may ingest and pass unharmed, eggs of a human parasite (Tri- 
chocephalus) and probably of the tapeworm (Taenia solium). 
1884 Riley, C. V. Am. Nat. 18:1267-68 
Note on Grassi’s experiments showing that flies are agents in the diffusion of infectious 
maladies, epidemics and even parasitic diseases and recording the ingestion and passage of 
Trichocephalus eggs and also of alcoholic eggs of Taenia solium. 
1887 ———— The Plymouth Typhoid Epidemic. Science, 10:214 
Gives the mortality figures of the outbreak in 1885 and cites an instance ‘‘ in which the 
disease seems to have been transmitted through the air.’’” The first case, that of a stranger, 
occurred in a hotel, the discharges being thrown without treatment into a water-closet 
which communicated with a room only 3 feet distant in which the landlord’s daughters slept. 
The drinking water of the place was good and the three cases following the first were in all 
probability due to germs transmitted by flies. 
1887 Fyles, Thomas W. Insects Troublesome in the Household and 
How to Deal with Them. Ent. Soc. Ont. 17th Rep’t, p. 33-34 
A summarized biologic account. 
1890 Aaron, C. B. In Dragon Flies vs. Mosquitos, p. 37-42, 53-54 
A brief discussion of the life history and habits with observations on the house fly as a 
carrier of disease. 
1890 Beutenmueller, William. In Dragon Flies vs. Mosquitos, p. 
123-24 
Brief observations on the habits of the house fly and the possibility of controlling the 
insect. 
1890 Weeks, A. C. In Dragon Flies vs. Mosquitos, p. 81-84 
Brief notice of habits of the house fly with frequent references to associated species. 
1891 Marlatt, C. L. Insect Life, 4:152-53 
Records unusual mortality among flies in Washington caused by Empusa Ameri- 
Cana Thax. 
1892 Power, Henry. Conjunctivitis Set Up By Flies. Brit. Med. 
Jour. Nov. 19, p. 1114 
Records the severe inflammation of the conjunctiva accompanied by extensive corneal 
ulceration within 24 hours after having been stung in the eye by a fly which had apparently 
risen from a dung hill. The case was marked by general prostration and feebleness for 
months after. Another case was recorded, diphtherial in nature, after a fly had gotten into 
aman’seye. [The first case can hardly be attributed to a house fly.] 
a 
1894 Skinner, Henry. Ent. News, 5:18 
Surgeon General Sir William Moore is quoted as reporting an instance where anthrax 
was spread by flies from the unburied carcass of a dog. It is also noted that the greatest 
abundance of flies in India is coincident with cholera outbreaks. It is suggested that 
leprosy is often conveyed by flies. Ophthalmia is thus disseminated. [These notes may 
not all apply to the house fly.] 
