34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
1896 Aylett, W. R. Am. Microscopical Jour. 18:288 
Summary of Dr Aylett’s experiments showing that flies ingest and pass tubercular 
bacilli. 
1896 Lugger, Otto. Entomologist, Minn. State Exp. Sta. 2d Rep’t, . 
Pp. 145-55 
A somewhat extended account of the life history and habits of the house fly. The opinion 
is expressed that the larvae may be beneficial because they breed in and destroy material 
which might produce pathogenic germs, though attention is called to the probability of flies 
carrying cholera and gangrene. 
“7896 Howard, L. O. & Marlatt, C. L. U. S. Dep’t Agric. Div. Ent. 
IBV AL Si Sb Oh ABEL 
A summarized gene ral account of the house fly with mention of several associated species 
Preventive measures are discussed briefly. 
1896 Osborn, Herbert. U. S: Dept Agric. Divs Ent, Bul) 5: on. %ss 
p. 19-20 
Refers to opinions in which flies are held to be the authors or probable carriers in epidemics 
of anthrax, cholera, typhoid fever, phthisis, leprosy and ophthalmia. 
1896 Sibthorpe, E. H. Cholera and Flies. Brit. Med. Jour. Sept. 
p. 700 
Flies are considered as scavengers not conveyers of cholera. An outbreak of disease 
occurred in a native regiment and on each occasion after leaving an old camp for a new, a 
recrudescence occurred. This was attributed to leaving flies behind; when they followed 
,nd mustered in force the disease abated. 
1897. Buchanan, W. J. Cholera Diffusion by Flies. Indian Med. 
Gazette, 3:86-87 
Gives details respecting a cholera outbreak in a jail, stating that all prisoners affected fed 
in the corner of the jail near infected huts, whereas those eating in the opposite hospital 
corner, diagonally across, escaped the malady. This data was considered sufficient to 
indicate the fly as a very probable carrier of the contagion. 
1898 Howard, L. O. House Flies. U.S. Dep’t Agric. Div. Ent. Cir. 
it ese) 2 jo, ee) 
A summarized account of the life history of this insect, with a discussion of remedial 
measures. | | 
dae) SS ad 29 eal FA ed cc) al 2 
1898 ————————— Further Notes on the House Fly. U. S. Dept. 
Agric. Div. Ent, Bul. ro. n. s. p. 63-65 
Gives details of experiments with applications of air-slaked lime, land plaster, gas lime, 
chlorid of lime and kerosene to horse manure, the treatment with kerosene and chlorid of 
lime being advised. Data on the abundance of larvae and puparia in manure are also given, 
1898 Veeder, M. A. Flies as spreaders of sickness in camps. Med. 
Record, 54:429-30 
Records flies feeding upon typhoid excreta and passing from that to food supplies. Bac- 
terial cultures were made from both fly tracks and fly excreta. 
1899 Howard, L. O. The Economic Status of Insects as a Class. 
Science, 32:233-47 
It is stated on page 237 that purulent conjunctivitis of the Egyptians is spread by the 
house fly, while anthrax bacilli may be conveyed by the bite of Tabanus or Stomoxys. The 
house fly is mentioned as a probable carrier of typhoid fever. 
