REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1908 39 
1908 Bruner, Lawrence. The House Fly.  [Neb.] State Ent. Cir. to, 
p. I=4 
A summarized account. 
rooe, Frost, W.. &. Vorhees, C. T. The House Fly Nuisance. 
Country Life in America, May 
‘T1908 — Fighting the House Fly. North Carolina State Board 
of Health Bulletin. Reprint from Country Life in America 

A general account. 
1908 Hamer, W. H. Nuisance from Flies. London County Council 
epi) No! 1138. p. 1-10 
Observations on flies, with special reference to their development in horse manure, their 
occurrence about stables and similar places, and their relation to diarrhoea. 
Igc8_ ~———— Nuisance from Flies. London County Council Rept, 
INGn2072. ps Ino 
Further observations, with remarks on behavior of Homalomyia, Musca and Stomoxys, 
and additional observations on flies and diarrhoea. 
1908 —W—— The Breeding of Flies. Summarized. Am. Med. 3:431 
The breeding of flies in horse manure, collection of dust and other refuse confirmed. 
Children, dirty walls and ceilings and particles of food on the floor and in sinks are attractive 
to flies. Laboratory experiments demonstrate that flies may carry the typhoid bacillus in 
a living condition for over two weeks. They also disseminate the germs of zymotic diarrhoea 
and Asiatic cholera. Tubercle bacilli have been found alive in the intestinal tract of the 
house fly. 
1908 Hewitt, C. Gordon. The Bioiogy of House Flies in Relation to 
Pubhe Health; Royal Inst. Public Health Jour. Oct. Separate p. 1-15 
1908 Howard, L. O. How Insects Affect Health in Rural Districts. 
USS: Dept Agric. Farmers’ Bul. 155, p. I-19 
The house fly is characterized as the principal insect agent in the spread of typhoid fever. 
1908 Jackson, Daniel D. Pollution of New York Harbor as a 
Menace to Health by the Dissemination of Intestinal Diseases through 
the Agency of the Common House Fly. Pub. by the Merchants’ Ass’n, 
p. 1-22 
A detailed examination of local conditions showing that by far the greater number of 
cases of typhoid fever in 1907 occurred within a few blocks of the water front, the outbreaks 
being most severe in the immediate vicinity of sewer outlets. The same was also found 
true of deaths resulting from intestinal diseases. Charts are given showing an almost exact 
coincidence between deaths from the latter and the prevalence of the house fly. The same 
is shown to be true of typhoid fever when the dates are set back two months to correspond 
to the time at which the disease was contracted. Several epidemics of dysentery of a 
malignant typ2 have been known to radiate from a single point and to entirely disappear 
when proper disinfection of closets was enforced. On several occasions local epidemics of 
typhoid fever were traced to transmission by flies. 
1908 —————. Conveyance of Disease by Flies. Summarized. Bost. 
Med. & Surg. Jour. 159:451 
Reports that he finds that the relation between the number of flies captured and the 
number of deaths reported are substantially the same as in 1907. A notable decrease in 
mortality this summer corresponded with catching a much smaller number of flies. Dr 
Jackson finds on 18 swill barrel flies 18,800,000 bacteria or over 1,000,000 to each fly. 
1908 N. Y. State Dep’t Health. Mo. Bul. October, p. 259-83 
Summary of International Congress on Tuberculosis, page 284, Mortality Statistics of 
Infants. 
