REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1908 45 
ratus, with a favorable wind, can cover a strip 400 feet wide. 
Contractors with apparatus such as that described above have been 
able to spray woodland where there was little or no underbrush 
and the trees ranging from 40 to 50 feet high at $17.50 per acre. 
This improved apparatus can also be employed in spraying street 
trees, a contractor being able to make money therewith at the rate 
of $1 to $1.25 per tree for spraying large elms. A responsible 
contractor stated that he could ship apparatus and men to a city 
at a considerable distance and treat a number of trees thoroughly 
at less than $2 per tree. The above is given since there are numer- 
ous inquiries as to the best method of spraying shade trees and the 
cost of doing such work. 
Brown tail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea Linn.). 
The brown tail moth, though widely distributed in Massachusetts, 
seems to have become in the last year or so a pest of much less 
importance than the gipsy moth. Its nests are to be noted here and 
there but as a rule it is not very destructive. Part of the immunity 
from damage may be due to a fungous disease which has destroyed 
millions of the caterpillars, and also to the fact that many of the 
hibernating caterpillars were killed by the exceptionally cold weather 
of last winter. There is no record known to us of this insect having 
made its way nearer the New York State line than the Connecticut 
river valley. 
Cankerworms. Reports of injuries by these looping caterpillars 
were received from several localities on the north shore of eastern 
Long Island and also from the vicinity of New York city. Speci- 
mens submitted upon examination showed that both the spring 
cankerworm, Anisopteryx vernata Peck, and the fall 
cankerworm, Alsophila pometaria Harr., were responsi- 
ble for the injury, the last named species, however, being by far the 
more abundant on eastern Long Island and also in certain Con- 
necticut localities. The caterpillars vary greatly in color, ranging 
from light green to almost black, and are usually ornamented with 
several narrow, white lines, some specimens frequently being 
adorned with a broad, dorsal, black stripe margined by white lines 
and with the sides light green, thus presenting an intermediate con- 
_ dition between the two extremes in color. The spring cankerworm 
may be recognized by the presence of but two pairs of legs at its 
posterior extremity, while the fall cankerworm has three pairs. 
The females of both species are wingless, grayish, grublike moths 
which are obliged to crawl up the tree if they deposit their eggs 
