40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
where the newly hatched caterpillars can find an abundance of sus- 
tenance. The spring form is so called because the females remain 
in the ground till some time after midwinter, crawling up the trees 
during warm weather, even in February though more usually in 
March. The fall cankerworm is thus designated because the females 
usually crawl up the trees and deposit their eggs in late fall or early 
winter. The eggs of both species hatch at about the same time, 
namely, when the young leaves begin to appear. 
Cankerworms are exceedingly voracious and, when present in 
numbers, nothing but the most prompt action will be of service in 
mitigating the trouble. The larvae are somewhat resistant to in- 
secticides and as a consequence it is advisable to spray at the incep- 
tion of the outbreak with paris green used at the rate of 1 pound 
of poison with an equal amount, by weight, of lime, to 50 to 75 
gallons of water. The lime is added to lessen the danger of injury 
by poison. Arsenate of lead can be employed at the rate of 1 pound 
to 7 gallons of water, though as it is a slower acting poison, it is 
usually advisable to apply paris green. ‘The homemade arsenite 
of lime is equally effective. Ordinarily one application of poison is 
sufficient, but if this does not prove satisfactory, a second treatment 
should be given a few days or a week later. 
Cankerworms spread very slowly, owing to the fact that the 
females are wingless, and as a result the species must depend 
largely for carriage upon winds and other natural agencies, conse- 
quently an orchard once freed of the pest is not likely to be attacked 
for some time. We have yet to hear of a serious outbreak in 
orchards systematically sprayed from year to year. The ordinary 
treatment for the control of the codling moth and other leaf feeding 
insects is usually sufficient to keep this pest under control. Advan- 
tage may also be taken of its limited means of locomotion and injury 
prevented by the use of sticky bands, such as Tree Tanglefoot, tar 
or printers ink. The Tree Tanglefoot is a new material which has 
come into high favor in eastern Massachusetts where it is used ex- 
tensively in gipsy moth work. Experience has shown that it can be 
applied with -practically no injury to most trees, and possesses a 
decided advantage in remaining adhesive for a considerable period. 
It is advisable, if either tar or printers ink is used, to apply these 
materials to a band of tarred paper wrapped around the trunk of 
the tree, rather than to make the application direct to the bark. We 
much prefer to advise the employment of arsenical poisons, since 
they are of service in checking other leaf feeders, rather than to 
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