46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
Cress., interesting because of its ovipositing in the egg and the para- 
site developing in the larva of its host, is a very efficient check in 
the Southern states at least. 
Ground beetles, especially species of Calosoma, undoubtedly feed 
upon the caterpillars, one of the common and efficient forms being 
the fiery ground beetle, C. calidum Fabr. 
Remedial measures. The adoption of preventive or remedial 
measures must depend very largely upon conditions. Restricted 
outbreaks upon lawns can doubtless be controlled most efficiently 
by early and thorough spraying with an arsenical poison, using about 
2 pounds of arsenate of lead (15 per cent arsenic oxid) to 50 gal- 
lons of water. If there are local reasons why a poison of this 
character should not be employed, many of the caterpillars could 
doubtless be destroyed by liberal, and if necessary, repeated appli- 
cations of a kerosene emulsion, the standard formula diluted with 
g parts of water. It would be well if this latter were employed 
on lawns, to follow the application of the kerosene emulsion with a 
copious drenching of water. In some instances the use of a poisoned 
bait such as succulent clover dipped in Paris green water, or even 
a poisoned bran mash may be advisable. These latter, if used, 
may well be distributed just before dusk in order that they may 
remain fresh and attractive for the longest possible time. 
Invasions from adjacent fields may be prevented by the use of 
mechanical barriers such as furrows, boards with strips of tar and 
other means employed for checking similar movements of the 
true army worm caterpillars. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
1797 Smith, J. E., & Abbott, J. Lep. Ins. Ga., 2:101 
1869 Walsh, B. D., & Riley, C. V. Amer. Ent. 1:210 
1869 Riley, C: V. Ins. Mo., tst Rep’t, p. 87-88 (wheat cut worm) 
1870 —————— Amer. Ent. & Bot., 2:328-29, 340, 363-65 (Prodenia 
autumnalis) ; 
1870 —————— Ins. Mo., 2d Rep’t, p. 41 
1871 —————— Ins. Mo., 3d Rep’t, p. 109-17 (Prodenia autumnalis) 
1876 ——————._ Ins. Mo., &th Rep'’t, p. 48-49 (var. fulvosa and obscura) 
1876 French, G..H. Ins: Wl, 7th Rep’t, p. 07-08, 210 
1881 Riley, C. V. Amer. Ent., 15:751 
1881 Marten, John. Ins. Ill., roth Rep't, p. 138 
1882 Riley, C. V. Papilio, 2:43 (Prodenia autumnalis) 
1883 —— U.S. Ent. Com., 3d Rep’t, p. 89-08 
1885 Hubbard, H. G. Ins. Aff. Orange, p. 150-51 
1885 Riley, C. V. U.S. Ent. Com., 4th Rep’t, p. 353 
1885 Forbes, S. A. Ins. Ill., 14th Rep’t, p. 55-67 

