REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 61 
York State. A large white maggot about an inch long and possibly 
a species of Erax was abundant in what had been badly infested 
sod at East Schodack, the maggots being in the proportion of four 
to one of the white grubs. This insect appears to be a very effi- 
cient natural enemy. There are doubtless a number of other insects 
which live at the expense of white grubs and which have not been 
reared, owing to the fact that parasitized white grubs are very apt to 
be overlooked in making examinations of the soil. 
the peculiar white grub fungus, Cordyceps ravenelii 
Berkl., was found upon the farm of Mr W. S. Miller, East Green- 
bush. Infected grubs are easily recognized by the slender, hornlike 
processes arising from beneath the head and frequently attaining 
a length three to four times that of the grub. These growths are 
at first green and later they turn brown. Mr Miller states that in- 
fected grubs were easily found over a considerable area. 
Preventives and remedies. The extended life cycle of these 
insects and their practical restriction to grasslands make it appar- 
ent that systematic rotation of crops is one of the most important 
preventive measures that can be employed. It does not follow 
from the above that new seedings may not be occasionally attacked, 
as was the case last year, since numerous beetles emerging from 
old meadows in some instances deposited numerous eggs in recent 
seedings and, as a consequence, serious damage developed the fol- 
lowing year. A rotation of crops which does not allow land to 
remain in sod for more than two or three years, if generally fol- 
lowed in a neighborhood, will result in reducing the danger of 
injury from these pests to a minimum. Such a method of farm 
management is also advisable from the general agricultural stand- 
point. 
The danger of planting corn, potatoes or strawberries upon 
recently turned sod, especially if the latter is infested by white 
grubs, should be more generally recognized. The severe damage 
frequently following such practice is due to the great restriction 
in the number of plants per acre and the inevitable concentration of 
the grubs upon the small amount of food available. There is no 
evidence to show that the larvae or white grubs migrate to any 
extent through the soil. They may make their way for a distance 
of possibly one or two rods but hardly farther. Grassland badly 
infested with white grubs should, if plowed, be sowed with some 
such crop as rye which would grow with sufficient vigor to with- 
stand any reasonable injury and produce a crop, or if an ordinary 
