REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 65 
to the middle of August. Observations at Bronxville on July roth 
showed numerous dead leaves and tips of branches upon affected 
trees. The beetles were then just beginning to enter the bark. On 
August 5th a number of beetles were still working in the leaf stem, 
others were entering the bark and some had evidently become well 
established. The beetles bore the young twigs and burrow in the 
terminal buds and green nuts, evidently for food, and in this man- 
ner frequently cause the wilting of leaves and the death of twigs. 
Later they attack the bark of the trunk and the larger branches, 
each female making a vertical gallery an inch or more in length, 
along the sides of which she deposits in small notches, 20 to 4o or 
50 eggs. These galleries of the adults are usually very regularly 
placed, their position apparently being determined in large measure 
by the long cracks in the rougher bark of the trees. The eggs soon 
hatch and the grubs work in the tissues, at first at nearly right 
angles to the primary galleries and later the borers turn in either 
direction ull they run nearly parallel with the wood and produce a 
rather characteristic fan-shaped series of galleries. The burrows 
of the grubs or larvae rarely cross each other. On October Ist 
most of the larval galleries observed were from one-half to three- 
quarters of an inch long and the grubs about one quarter grown. 
They winter in a partly grown condition, transform to pupae the 
last of May and the beetles begin to appear about a month later. 
There is no evidence to show that more than one generation occurs 
in New York State, at least. 
Experimental work. The following field work was conducted 
at Bronxville in cooperation with Mr J. James de Vyver of Mount 
Vernon. 
Barcurol. A 10 per cent solution of this proprietary material 
was applied July 12th to certain hickory trees which were examined 
August 5th. It was then evident that this compound had a dis- 
tinct hardening effect upon the outer bark of the tree though there 
was no penetration by the beetles, a fact confirmed by subsequent 
observations October Ist. An examination of a few burrows made 
by the beetles prior to the application showed that the discolora- 
tion of the inner bark was confined to the immediate vicinity of 
the galleries and occurred to an almost equal extent on untreated 
trees. The brown tissues in the latter instance extended to within 
about an inch of where living grubs were working. Another tree 
treated with a 50 per cent solution of this material was examined 
August 5th and it was seen that the application had destroyed the 
borers. 
