REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 89 
gallons of water and here there was little or no injury. Numerous 
other trees in the same general region and growing under practi- 
cally identical conditions, excepting that they were not sprayed 
with the above mentioned insecticide, were in a vigorous condition 
(see plates 8 and 9). 
Many trees on an adjacent farm were also sprayed with the 
same insecticide and at about the same time, it being used in this 
instance, however, at the rate of 3 gallons to 50 gallons of water. 
A few of these trees were seriously injured. One large spy tree 
escaped with injury to the outer branches, those in the center be- 
ing so well protected that they probably received little of the 
application. A large Gravenstein was badly affected on one side 
and it was stated that this tree was sprayed with a south wind and 
the injury was practically confined to the south side of the tree. 
Another person in the immediate vicinity used the same material 
at the rate of 3 to 50, spraying at about the same time and treat- 
ing many pear trees and a number of apple trees. Many of the 
Baldwins, in particular, died and a number of the pear trees 
showed unmistakable evidence of severe injury. Our attention 
was called to several young pear trees having extended blistered 
areas, and examinations later in the season showed that in some 
cases this was followed by death of the affected bark, and in one 
instance at least, by the death of the tree. 
An orchard badly infested by San José scale was also sprayed in 
this neighborhood and there was much less injury to the trees 
and marked benefits so far as destroying the scale is concerned. 
More disastrous conditions were noted in a Baldwin orchard 
some two miles distant and set nineteen years before. This orchard 
was sprayed with the same miscible oil, used at the rate of one gal- 
lon to 15 gallons of water, the application being made early in De- 
cember, probably the roth to the 13th inclusive. Practically all the 
trees sprayed at this time, over one hundred, were in a nearly ruined 
condition and most of them were subsequently cut down by the 
owner. The line of injury was very sharply defined. Trees in wet 
places which could not be reached on account of the soft condition 
of the land, and others which were not sprayed because the engine 
broke down,.escaped without injury. Even here there were one or 
two trees sprayed from but one side and showing injury only on 
the treated portion. An examination of the dying limbs and trunks 
of the affected trees showed a discoloration of the inner bark and 
irregular spotting of vital tissues practically as noted above (see 
plate 8, figure 1). 
