104 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
have had their vitality reduced somewhat by unfavorable condi- 
tions, not exempting very severe droughts and extremely low 
winter temperatures. These, however, must be considered only 
as predisposing factors, since the primary injury appears to have 
been caused by this insect. The conditions observed the past season 
have been duplicated in earlier years in Albany and vicinity. This 
aphid is also injurious to pine seedlings and has been observed on 
balsam. Fortunately it is very liable to attack by our various 
species of ladybeetles which are undoubtedly of material assistance 
in keeping it in control. 
The aphid winters as yellowish brown eggs well protected by a 
copious, waxy secretion, the young appearing in the latitude of 
Albany from the middle to the latter part of May. The full-grown 
female is dark grayish purple and about one-thirty-second of an 
inch long. 
It is very probable that this pest can be controlled satisfactorily 
by a forcible spray of cold water which would wash off large 
numbers of the insects. Experiments have shown that thorough 
spraying with a kerosene emulsion, the standard formula probably 
diluted with 9 parts of water, was very effective when the appli- 
cation was made in May. It is probable that a whale oil soap solu- 
tion, using I pound to 4 gallons of water would be equally satisfac- 
tory. In either event the spray should be coarse and forcible so 
as to drive the insecticide through the woolly protective matter and 
bring it into contact with the underlying insect. 
MISCELLANEOUS 
Hawthorn sawhy @lrichiosoma tibialis, Stepayeaes 
cocoon of this European species was received April 10, 1911 through 
the State Department of Agriculture. The specimen was removed 
from Crataegus which had been imported from Holland. The adult 
was reared and the provisional 
identification confirmed. A badly 
crushed cocoon, apparently of the 
same species and taken from rose 
sticks imported from England, 
was transmitted for identification 
by the Commissioner of Agri- 


culture November .27, 1912. 
Fig. 14 Hawthorn sawfly (original) This insect is closely allied to 
the native elm sawfly, Cimbex americana Leach, a species 
which is rather common in New York State and is. found especially 
