234 MEMOmS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 



not agree with Schmalhausen in this determination. Arber^ expresses doubt 

 as to whether the specimens called Annularia australis may correctly be referred 

 to the genus Annularia. They almost certainly do not belong to Cyclopitys. 

 They are fragmentary and it seems probable that they may be fragments of 

 PJiyllotheca. 



The present specimen then is the first one of Annularia from New South 

 Wales. Arber" has pointed out that the association of Annidaria (a type of 

 Calamitean foliage) with the Glossopteris flora indicates a mingling of northern 

 and southern types of Permo-Carboniferous plants, and he says " the absence, 

 so far, of any trace of a Calamitean stem in these rocks is somewhat remarkable 

 if the species in question [.4.. australis] is really the foliage of a Calamite. " It 

 is quite possible that further collecting in this district may produce such stems. 



The existence of the continent of Gondwanaland has lately been questioned 

 by JMatthew" who, arguing strongly for the permanency of the ocean basins, 

 believes that it is unnecessary to postulate such a continental land-mass to 

 account for the peculiar distribution of the Glossopteris flora. 



He argues that " the principal lines of uugration in later geological 

 epochs have been radial from Ilolarctic centres of dispersal." Should this 

 prove to be the case as far back as Carboniferous, associations of the so-called 

 northern and southern types of Perrao-Carboniferous plants would be, perhaps, 

 more easily explained than at present. 



Annularia is abundant in the Upper Carboniferous and Permian rocks 

 of the Northern Hemisphere. Several species of Calamitean stems are known 

 from the Carboniferous rocks of New South Wales and Queensland. 



Specimen: Annularia steUata (?) 



Locality: Eight miles from Dunedoo, New South Wales. 



Registered number : F 15/985/5. 



* Glossopteris Flora, British Museiun Cat., 1905, p. 30. 



® Loc. cit. 



' Ann. New York Acad. Sc. xxiv (1915), p. 190. 



BY AUTHOBITY : ANTHONY JAMES CUMMING, GOVERNMENT PBINTER, BRISBANE. 



