JOURNAL, OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 3 



In his original description of Ula boUtophila (Beschr. Eur. Dipt., 

 vol. 1, pp. 4, 5, 1869) Loew remarks that some of the material 

 upon which the species was based was from Krain, Austria, where 

 it was bred from larvae dwelling in a fungus on beech trees. 



On September 15, 1912, at Gloversville, Fulton County, New 

 York, I took a fleshy species of Fomes (Polyporus) growing on a 

 stump near the earth. This contained about 35 larvae of Limnohla 

 cinctipes Say, and many larvas of Ula elegans Osten Sacken. The 

 larvae of these crane-flies infested the upper layers of the fungus 

 and had reduced the surface to a semi-liquid state. At the end of 

 a week the whole mushroom was decayed and semi-liquid. The 

 record of proceedings as it appears in my field-notes is as follows: 



"Sept. 28, 1912, at Ithaca, N. Y. The specimens were placed In 

 jars containing sand, which took up the liquids produced by the 

 disintegration of the mushroom and provided a place for pupation. 



"Oct. 4, 1912. All of the above larvae when examined were, 

 found to be alive and active. 



"Oct. 14, 1912. Four Ula emerged today. This limits the 

 pupal period to not longer than ten days." 



The insects continued to emerge In large numbers until the 27th 

 of October, when the remaining pupas were killed and preserved in 

 alcohol. At this time they were very dark-colored and evidently 

 nearly ready to emerge as adults. The larval movements may be 

 described as follows: At each movement forward the terminal 

 segment of the larva partly telescopes into the subtermlnal and is 

 thrown back violently at each forward movement. At other times 

 the larval motions are very actively to-and-fro, eel-like. The asso- 

 ciates of Ula in the fungus were larvae of Limnobia cinctipes Say, 

 and a much lesser number of Limnobia triocellata Osten Sacken. 



After transforming to the adult condition, the pupal skins are 

 found attached to the sand by the apical one-half or the extreme 

 caudal end of the body, often standing up perpendicularly to the 

 surface, the exuviae being very conspicuous. 



The adult flies are most common in the spring and fall, but are 

 rarely if ever taken during the season of midsummer. They are 

 especially numerous in cool, shaded gorges and ravines, and may be 

 swept from beds of low vegetation, such as ferns, ground-hemlock 



