48 JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY ' 



antennas and legs (PI. I, Fig. 16). The body segments are about 

 three or four. The insect again secretes the waxy substance from 

 almost all around the body which slowly takes a subcircular shape 

 (PI. I, Fig. 17) . The female insect moults once more. 



6. Third Stage of the Female Larva 

 After the second moult, the insect becomes almost like the adult, 

 with widely rounded head and also with prominent plates and lobes 

 of the pygidium (PL I, Fig. 18). The scale, which is flat at first, 

 gradually becomes convex within about ten days after the second 

 moult. The first exuvia turns to dark orange or brownish orange, 

 and the second exuvia yellowish orange while the scale turns to 

 dirty white. The larval or growing period usually requires from 

 twenty-eight to thirty-seven days in the vicinity of Stanford Uni- 

 versity. 



7. The Male Insect 

 Within about two weeks after the young are settled, the young 

 male is recognizable by its arrow-head shaped scale (PI. I, Fig. 

 10a). After the first moult, the head is distinguished from the 

 rest of the body by a distinct segment, but the thorax is still fused 

 with the abdomen (PI. I, Fig. 10b). The scale of the young male 

 is long and never becomes firm and scaly (PL I, Fig. 12). The 

 growing period is as long as that of the female, but how long the 

 pupal period lasts is not exactly known. In each generation, a 

 large number of the young males are destroyed, as well as the 

 female insects, by the "twice stabbed" lady-bird beetle (PL II, 

 lower picture). The winged males issue about the time the female 

 insects are full grown (PL I, Fig. 13). The newly-issued male 

 usually walks about on the bark of the plant on which it issued, 

 but it flies very little. It can not resist the wind and is easily blown 

 down on the ground even by a slight breeze. It is often obliged to 

 remain down for a while, and many die before being able to fly up 

 again. The male requires about ten minutes for issuing after the 

 head has appeared, and usually rests for a while before it com- 

 mences to search for the female for mating. The life of the males 

 is short, and most of them die within about twenty-five or forty- 

 three hours after issuing. 



