236 HIROSHI OHSHIMA 
Text-fig. 402) for C. saxicola having developed the second pair 
in front of the primaries. According to Ludwig (22, p. 186), 
in C. plancei the third pedicel is distinctly seen on the forty-fifth 
day, constantly on the left side of the mid-ventral radius and in 
front of the primary pair. The fourth makes its appearance on 
the eighty-fourth day, on the right side of the radius and further 
anteriorly to the third. Thus far the order and position agree 
with my observations. But he differs from me in that the fifth 
appears ventrad from the left dorsal radial canal near the 
anterior end of the body. The same author (28, pp. 21-2) 
traced the order in the young of C. crocea. The youngest 
stage he examined had eight pedicels corresponding to that 
figured by Mitsukuri (loc. ait.). The ninth and tenth appear 
from the mid-ventral radial canal, intervening between the 
anterior and posterior pairs. Subsequently new pedicels increase 
very rapidly on the ventral side of both the lateral ventral radii. 
Up to the stage where the body length attains ca. 8 mm. the 
dorsal paired radii are free from pedicels, while ten or more 
have appeared in each of the ventral radii. These facts differ 
very much from the case of C. echinata, where the dorsal 
radu share in the pedicel-formation quite early when each of 
the ventral radii has only one (specimen no. 2). MacBride 
and Simpson’s statement (27, p.8) referrmg to C. crocea 
differs from Ludwig’s in that there are four pedicels arising 
from each radial canal. Probably the observers overlooked 
some others in the ventral radii from their * not having reached 
the surface ’. 
Edwards’s laborious task of elucidating the order of the 
appearance of the pedicels in Holothuria floridana 
(12, pp. 222-6) shows that that species is totally different in 
this respect from that seen in Cucumaria. Here in 
Holothuria an unpaired pedicel first appears at the posterior 
end of the mid-ventral radial canal on the fourth day. The 
second appears to the left of the same canal on the seventh 
day. The third and fourth follow equally on the left side. 
As late as the fortieth day a pedicel appears for the first time 
to the right of the radius. It seems to me highly probable that 
