624 D. KEILIN 
carbonate dissolves in the perivisceral fluid (haemolymph or 
blood of insects) and then passes through the newly formed 
pupal cuticle into the ecdysial fluid. When the latter is 
absorbed, the calcium carbonate remains as a deposit upon 
the internal surface of the puparium. 
6. This mode of elimination of calcium carbonate from the 
body of an insect may be termed ecdysial elimination, 
7. The excretion of calcium carbonate in Dipterous larvae 
is comparable with calcareous excretion as observed in other 
organisms like Cestodes, ‘Trematodes, Oligochaetes, and 
Crustacea, where this product of excretion is supposed to 
be derived from the neutralization of the carbon dioxide 
of respiration. This explanation has not yet been proved 
experimentally. 
7. REFERENCES. 
1. Batelli, A. (1879).—‘‘ Contribuzione all’ anatomia ed alla fisiologia 
della larva dell’ Eristalis tenax’’, ‘Bull. Soc. Ent, Ital.’, 
xi. 77-120, Pls. I-V. 
2. Bohn, G. (1898).—‘‘ De l’absorption de l’anhydride carbonique par 
les Crustacés décapodes ’’, ‘C. R. de la Soc. Biol. France ’, série 10, 
vol. v, pp. 1008-10. 
3. —— (1898).—“ Variations des échanges gazeux chez les Crustacés 
décapodes suivant la saison, habitat, la taille des animaux ”’, 
ibid., pp. 1011-13. 
4. Burian, R. (1912).—“‘ Die Exkretion ”’, in ‘ Handbuch der Vergleichen- 
den Physiologie’, Jena. See pp. 401-5. 
5. Combault, A. (1909).-—‘‘ Contribution a l'étude de la respiration et 
de la circulation des Lombriciens”’, ‘ Journ, de l’anat. et de la 
physiol.’, xlv, pp. 358-99 and 446-9, 1 Pl. 
6. Giard, A. (1897).—MS. note; see Henneguy (1897). 
Harting, P. (1873).—‘‘ Recherches de morphologie synthétique sur 
la production artificielle de quelques formations  calcaires 
organiques ”’, ‘ Verhandl. d. kon. Akad. van Wetensch. Amster- 
dam’, xiv, 84 pp., 4 Pls. 
8. Henneguy, L. F. (1897).—“‘ Note sur l’existence de calcosphérites 
dans le corps graisseux de larves de Diptéres”’, ‘ Arch, d’Anat. 
Mier.’, 1. 125-8. 
Kinckel d’Herculais, J, (1896).— Discussion in ‘ Bull, de la Soc. Entom. 
de France ’, pp. 126-7. 
10. —— (1896).—“‘ Sur les fonctions des tubes de Malpighi. Réponse 
a M. Valery-Mayet”’, ibid., p. 206. 
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