COXTEIBUTIOXS TO THE CYTOLOGY OF THE I!ACTEi;[A. 408 



In 1892 Sjubring- described large vesicular nuclei, which 

 divide by mitosis, in B. anthracis, hay Bacteria, the Yibrio 

 of fowl-cholera and several micrococci. Fixation is stated to 

 have been effected with nitric acid (alone, or with alcohol) 

 without previous drying. The stains used were carbol methy- 

 lene blue or carbol magenta. 



Trambusti and Galeotti (1892) investigated a large Bacillus 

 from water. The preparations w^ere either dried, or fixed 

 with HNO.5, and stained Avith safranin. The organisms stain 

 at first uniformly, but later show a differentiation into darkly 

 staining longitudinally placed rods, and granules. Sub- 

 sequently young' cells appear to be formed endogenousiy. 

 The authors compare the structural changes with mitosis, 

 though the reason for this is far from obvious. 



Mitrophanow (1893) studied the structure of various sulphur 

 Bacteria (B egg iatoa, Chromati um, Oph ido monas, etc.), 

 also of Cladothrix, Spirilla, Bacilli, etc. He employed 

 i ntra-vitam stainiug with methylene blue, and also examined 

 oro-anisms after fixation with various reao^euts and treatment 

 with various stains. He believed that a nucleus was present 

 in all the forms examined. Various modifications were des- 

 cribed and fio^ured. He did not ao-ree with Biitschli's inter- 

 pretation of the structures present in the bacterial cell. He 

 believed " que toutes les bacteries que nous etudions ne 

 peuvent etre aucunement considerees comme des organisnies 

 sans noyau ; de meme on ne pent pas leur attribuer exclusive- 

 ment une nature de noyau. EUes npparaissent commes des 

 cellules dans divers stades de complication, laquelle est ex- 

 primee par la separation plus on moins complete du noyau." 



Podwyssozki (1898) gives an account of the structure of the 

 cholera Vibrio, as seen in dried ]n-eparations stained with 

 Ziehl-Neelsen and in cells treated simply wnth fuchsin. He 

 finds a nucleus-like oval mass of "chromatin " in the cell, and 

 other bodies of different (undetermined) nature. In place of the 

 oval mass of chromatin, two or more masses nia.y sometimes 

 be seen — appearances which he regards as due to degeneration. 



►Schewiakoff (1893) finds a structure like that described by 



