536 C. CLIFFOKl) J)(»15KLL. 



8 p i 1" o c lic\3 1 o i (I e a . 



Genus 1. — Spirocliasta Ehrenberg. Free-living forms, 



freshwater or marine. Examples: S. plicatilis 



Ehrenberg, S. gigantea Warming. 

 Genus 2. — Treponema Schaudinn. Parasitic in animals 



(Vertebrates and Invertebrates). Examples: T. 



pallidum Schaudinn, T. recurrentis Lebert, 



T. dentium Koch, T. gallinarnm Bhmchard, 



etc., etc. 

 Genus 3. — Cristispira Gross. Parasitic in Lamelli- 



bi'anchia. Examples: C. balbianii Certes, C. 



auodonta? Keysselitz, C pec tin is Gross, C. 



veneris, etc., etc. 

 The exact cUissificatory value to be attached to the group 

 Spirochffitoidea cannot at present be accurately determined. 

 The name stands for a group of Protista which, like several 

 other groups (e.g. Bacteria, Mycetozoa, Myxobacterin), 

 cannot at present be regarded as a " class," " order," or ;uiy 

 other sort of subdivision of another group, but must be 

 regarded as an independent group of unicellular organisms 

 which show very little affinity to any other group. 



This last statement requires some further qualification. 

 Many workers regard the Spirochasts as showing affinities to 

 other Protista. It has been suggested that there are resem- 

 blances between them and the flagellate Protozoa, the Bacteria, 

 and the Cyanophycere. 



Schaudinn was the first to express the opinion that the 

 Spirocha^ts are allied to the Trypanosomes, and hence to the 

 flagellate Protozoa. Krzysztalowicz and Siedlecki (1908) go 

 so far as to place them in a group Spirillof lagel lata 

 among the Mastigophora, Doflein (1909) places them in a 

 group — Prof lagellata — between the Bacteria and the 

 Mastigophora. Now I think that I am completely justified — 

 from what I have already pointed out in the preceding jjart 

 of this paper — in stating that there is not one character ot^ 



