( 421 ) 



vertical distribution of C. montana var. tenuior Miq. in the Wilis 

 mountains on the Darawati summit in the residency Madioen, I 

 append here, what I published on this subject in 1894 in a Dutch article 

 "On the composition of some forests in the residency of Madioen" (in 

 Tijdschr. v. Nijverh. en Landb. in N. Indie XLVIII (1894) part 4 

 p. 18 — 22 namely in the chapter "[To the top of the Wilis. Ascent 

 of the Darawati] : "At 7 10 = 1670 m. altitude the mixed shady forest of 

 high trees suddenly ceases, at least on the ridge, for in the valleys 

 it continues further northwards and we arrive at a small alang-alang 

 field with scattered young trees of Alblzzia montana Benth. and 

 immediately after this we see the first specimens of C. montana 

 Jdngh". 



From this point, at about 1700 m. altitude, the ridge, which leads to 

 the summit of the Darawati, is completely covered with this tree 

 alone. On the slopes (and even almost right up to the ridge) 

 other trees grow, up to an altitude of 2000 meters. Not until this 

 altitude is reached, do Casuarina's occur in the valleys." [Koord. 

 1. c. (1894) p. 19—20 of the reprint]. From this it results, that 

 Casuarina montana var. tenuior is not found on mount. Wilis below 

 1650 m. altitude, but that it occurs from there upwards to the 

 highest top, at 2550 m. altitude. These data, and those about to be 

 given, should be substituted for the figures of vertical distribution, 

 published in Koord, and Yaleion Bijdr. Boomsoorten .lava X 1904) 

 p. 274. 



I may further add, that also on journeys undertaken by me after 

 the above-named year (1894) in the residency of Madioen, I nowhere 

 found 6'. montana growing wild below 1650 m. altitude. It is 

 indeed interesting, that this species at once forms forests, almost 

 trom the spot, where it first appears, and above 2000 m. not only 

 covers the higher ridges, but also the valleys, almost to the exclusion 

 of other trees. In the teakforests of Madioen, as in other parts of 

 .lava, I have only found C. montana and C. equiseti/olia here and 

 there cultivated (e.g. near pasanggrahans, along road-sides, etc.) but 

 never growing wild. On the Idjen-plateau in the residency of Besoeki 

 C. molilalia var. tenuior descends somewhat below the vertical limit 

 of 1500 m. At this lower limit of distribution C. montana var. tenuior 

 grows only on the dry mountain ridge, whereas it is crowded out 

 from the ravines and moist places by other trees. On .Ml. Tengger 

 in 1899 I made the following note on the var. tenuior: A large live 

 attaining 35 m. with a trunk of 1' , m. in diameter: on sleep rocks 

 ;il 2000 m. altitude often only '20 m. high with a trunk 30 cm. 

 diam. On Mt. Tengger forming forests, especially between 2200 



