884 
hook is formed by the light blotch separating the terminal bar from 
the third discoidal one, the hindmost leg by three remnants of the 
above-mentioned chain of light areas in the internervural cells. 
Traces of the bar can also be remarked in theorine, latreillanus, 
ausorti, phoreas, oribazus, charopus, which means, that a tendency 
towards interruption of the chain of light blotehes is manifest in 
numerous and very different members of the Papilionid tribe. Nor 
is this tendency restricted to the forms with tripartite wing-design, 
it occurs as well in richly spotted forms e.g. cyrnus, demodocus, rex, 
mimeticus, ridleyanus and even in regularly checked ones as anti- 
machus. In the majority of these last-named butterflies the tendency 
towards interruption of the light chain only shows itself in a reduc- 
tion of one or two members of this chain to specks, one im ant- 
machus and mimeticus, two in rev. 
Applying the above considerations to other details of the pattern, 
we are always led to the same conclusion. Especially convincing is 
the careful analysis of the pattern on the underside of the different 
dardanus-forms, and its comparison with that of the upperside. It 
shows us, that the median dark striae in the internervural cells 
have much better maintained themselves on the underside, but that 
their remnants can be more or less retraced om the superior surface, 
especially on that of the hindwings. Consequently such a condition 
of this pattern, as is seen on both sides of the hindwings of the 
hippocoon- or trophonissa-form, where these striae are sharp and run 
without interruption through all the cells (thereby agreeing with 
zalmoxis and similar forms) may, as I said before, be considered as 
primitive. In regard to these striae two remarks may be offered. 
The first refers to the pattern of the upperside of the male hindwing, 
on which the submarginal bar presents all degrees of variation, 
from a broad complete, uninterrupted belt to a few widely separated 
irregular black markings. In the latter cases the reduction has either 
led to the persistance of three blotches: an anterior (exterior), middle 
and posterior (internal) one, or has only left the two extremes. 
When the middle one is still present, this very often assumes the 
character of an internervural stria, and thereby betrays its allegiance 
to the markings on the underside. 
The second remark refers to the colour-pattern of a near relative 
of dardanus, viz. P. eynorta (alleged forms included, as norcyta, 
Jacksoni fullehorni, echerioides, cypraeofila etc). Here also a similar 
striking difference exists between male and female, though the latter 
occurs only in a single form, which shows a mimetic resemblance 
to Planemaepwea. The similarity chiefly depends on the presence 
