885 
of the before-mentioned oblique dark cross-bar in the forepart of the 
forewing, and on the series of black median striae in the inter- 
nervural cells of the hindwing. The male differs from the female 
by the absence of the cross-bar; the medial area of the forewing 
thereby showing the uninterrupted chain of internervural light spaces, 
which diminish in size towards the apex. In contrast with dardanus, 
the root-part of the hindwings in cynorta is dark, which causes a 
closer junction between the central chain of light markings on the 
fore- and on the hindwings. When comparing these dark root-fields 
with their counter-parts on the underside, they are seen to be present 
also there, but tinged in a bright orange-brown hue, intersected by 
a system of darker lines which mark the wing-veins and the inter- 
nervural striae. As these lines reappear in the distal part of the 
wing, it is evident that they are interrupted in the middle-area by 
the white discoloration. So we are justified in assuming that in more 
original forms both the veins and the striae will run uninterruptedly 
over the whole surface of the hindwings (on upper- as well as on 
underside) and we find the affirmation of this assumption in a great 
many forms of butterflies, belonging to different groups, and counting 
among them models as well as mimics (e.g. Planema tellus and 
Pseudacraea terra, see Punnett, Plate IV, Fig. 3 and 8). In the 
nireus and oribazus-groups e.g. the upper surface shows a tripartite 
colour-pattern with light (azure) middle-bar, and black inner and 
outer region, but only the slightest traces of nervural and interner- 
vural striae, while these latter are distinctly marked and in complete 
array on the underside of many of the appertaining forms (e.g. nireus). 
When therefore it can be proved for every single detail in the 
pattern of mimetic forms. that it belongs to the stock of generic, 
familiar or ordinal hereditary features by which the outward appear- 
ance of the several members of a group is effected, there is no 
reason left for ascribing the total effect of the combination of all 
these details to the influence of Protective Mimicry. Nor can the 
phenomenon of Polygynomorphism itself be attributed to this cause, 
it has to be considered as a peculiar complication of sexual difference 
in general, occurring in certain groups of butterflies, as e.g. Papilionids. 
That some of the polymorphic females may profit by their accidental 
likeness to unpalatable forms, is indeed very probable, but this profit 
can merely be a consequence of the casual similarity, never its 
cause. 
The phenomenon of Polygynomorphism itself should be classed 
with other cases of Polymorphism, either in connection with sexuality 
or independent of it, as seasonal, geographical, racial plurality of 
