1000 
with bands of yellowish-red clay, which brings out the stratification 
to greater advantage. 
The manganese nodules are numerous and scattered over the entire 
section, as can be seen in Fig. 2. In the red clay, however, they are 
more numerous than in the yellow. The relation between these 
nodules and the clay has been represented in figure 1 only 
schematically. Compared with the given scale the nodules appear 
much too large in the drawing. The largest have on an average a 
longer axis of at most 10cm., all the others have varying smaller 
dimensions. Small ones e.g. of a diameter of 1 or 2 cm. are as 
numerous as larger ones. 
Further upstream Jonker discovered another exposure of red deep-sea 
clay with manganese nodules on the left bank of Noil Tobee, but 
it is inferior to the one sketched above. 
Teeth of Llasmobranchit especially of sharks are disseminated 
in the red clay. Jonker has collected most of them as loose specimens 
weathered out from the clay. In his collection there are two pieces 
only in which a shark’s tooth constitutes the nucleus of a manganese 
nodule. JONKER’s diary does not give more particulars about the 
distribution of the shark’s teeth in the clay. 
a. The red deep-sea clay. 
The red deep-sea clay of Noil Tobee has apparently been altered 
very little by diagenetic processes. It has a greasy feel resembling that 
of soapstone and can be scratched with the nail; in a dry state 
it is somewhat plastic, and distinctly so after moistening. Considering 
it as a rock it could hardly claim the name of clayshale, the term 
solid clay being more apprcpriate to its character. In this respect 
it differs from all other deep-sea shales, hitherto discovered in 
Timor and in other islands of the East-Indian Archipelago. In 
Timor mesozoic red clayshale is an important constituent in the 
structure of the soil, and is found in many places. 
In all localities known to me the red deep-sea clay occurs as a 
non-plastic, fairly hard clayshale, not unfrequently slightly schistose 
through mountain-pressure, and always altered rather considerably 
by diagenesis, maybe through silicification, maybe by calcification, 
On microscopic examination I found in many cases that such 
a clay-shale had first been silicified, whereas later a portion of the 
silica has been dissolved again and leached from the rock whilst a 
cement of lime had been introduced into the rock. 
The locality Noil Tobee, discovered by Jonker, is the only one 
