1015 
with the Papuan'). Besides a large part of the upper jaw and a 
large part of the lower jaw (Fig. 4 to Fig. 7. The existing fragment 
of the right ramus mandibulae is not represented), six loose teeth 
(which are lost in the lower jaw), and several large and small 
fragments of the calvaria, in which the most important morphological 
characters can still be recognized, there were found some pieces of 
other bones of the skeleton and a few fragments of bones of mammals, 
as far as can be ascertained not different from species now living 
in Java. All the bones met with were in the same condition of 
fossilisation; all of them were found scattered in a detached, frag- 
mentary state, quite encrusted, for so far as they were not enclosed 
in a breccia, with an irregularly thick, yellowish-grey calcareous 
concretion, forming a rough surface and containing some clay. This 
so firmly adhered to the white bony substance lying under it, that 
it mechanically constituted one whole with it; only the difference 
in colour could serve at its removal. The incrustation was so thin, 
in most places, that the general morphological characters of the bones 
were hardly masked by it. That the specific weight of the bones of 
these fossil australoid men is high, and the fossilisation very complete, 
is at once perceived when they are taken in the hand; they are really 
heavy and cold to the touch as stone. From the available remains, 
the weight of the whole mandible of the Wadjak man II can be 
calculated at 230 grams, i.e. about a hundred grams more than the 
maximum of Australian aborigines. Partly this greater weight is, 
indeed, to be attributed to the very great size and robustness of the 
fossil mandible, but the specific weight is about 40 per cent. higher 
than that of fresh bone. For the specific weight of powdered cortical 
substance of a femur | find 2.78 at 15° C. The specific weight of 
the cortical substance of recent long bones is 1.98, that of pure calcite 
2.72, of apatite on an average 3.19, which is also about the maximum 
of phosphorite. The fossil bones of Wadjak now contain only a very 
small quantity of organic substance. 
The specifie weight of the bones of the fossil man of La Chapelle- 
aux-Saints, as deduced from a comparison of weight with recent 
bones of the same dimensions’), has increased: only in the ratio of 
about 1 : 1.20, instead of 1 : 1.40, which is about the ratio for 
the fossil men of Wadjak. This may be partly owing to the more 
favourable conditions of fossilisation of these latter bones, however 
it certainly points to great age. 
In the absence of direct data for the determination of the geolo- 
1 Verslag van het Mijnwezen, over het Derde Kwartaal 1890. Batavia 1890. 
’) M Bouvre, L'Homme fossile de La Chapelle-aux-Saints, p. 16. Paris 1913. 
66* 
