1019 
is more receding; the orbits are low in comparison with their 
breadth (in all these respects Wadjak II still exceeds the first found 
skull); the nasal bones are little prominent; the upper jaw is more 
prognathous, and the floor of the nasal cavity passes gradually into 
the incisive region; there is even an almost perfect sulcus praena- 
salis (‘Affenrinne’) at both crania; the lower jaw is exceedingly 
strong and the chin more pronounced. In all these characters the 
fossil cranium is still somewhat nearer the Australian. 
Berry, RoBurrsoN, and Stuart Cross have decisively shown, appa- 
rently, that the present Papuan type is the least pure of the three 
types mentioned, and, in their opinion, also the Australian is a hete- 
rogeneous type, a view which was already accepted by many 
anthropologists, contra SCHOETENSACK, Kraarscn*) and some others. 
Berry supposes that a primitive Papuan race may be the common 
stock type of the Tasmanian, who has remained purer, but varied 
during the long time of his isolation, and also of the Australian 
aboriginal, who is the result of the cross between Homo tasmanianus 
and some unknown other race *). 
G. Serci*) assumes as the common stock type a primitive Homo 
tasmanianus, characterized by roof-like elevation of the sutura 
sagittalis and lateral flattening of the cranial walls (lophocephaly), 
who not improbably would have come from the American continent, 
across the Pacific Ocean, in early Plistocene, or even late Pliocene 
times. In Tasmania he then changed to the recent Tasmanian, whom 
SERGI proposes to call Hesperanthropus tasmanianus. In Australia, 
also according to Serat, crossing of the Homo tasmantanus took 
place with another, as he supposes, Polynesian element, from which 
arose the Australian aboriginal of to-day. 
It seems to me that the fossil Homo wadjakensis of Java, who 
in some respects possesses more “primitive” characters of the cranium 
and the lower jaw than these present races, may be considered to 
be such a stock type. He must then have wandered eastward from 
1) O. Scuoetensack, Die Bedeutung Australiens fiir die Heranbildung des Menschen 
aus einer niederen Form. Zeitschrift fiir Ethnologie. Jahrgang 23. (Berlin 1901), 
p. 127. 
H. Kraarscr in “Weltall und Menschheit”. Band II. Berlin 1902. — H. Ktaarscu. 
The Skull of the Australian Aboriginal. Reports from the Pathological Laboratory 
of the Lunacy Department. New South Wales Government. Vol. I, Part 3. Sydney 1908. 
2) Ricuarp J. A. Berry, A Living Descendant of an Extinct (Tasmanian) Race, 
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. Vol. XX. (New Series). Part. I. 1897. 
Cf. also Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Vol. XX XIV. (1914), p. 186. 
3) G. Serer, Tasmanier und Australier. Hesperanthropus tasmanianus spec. 
Archiv. fiir Anthropologie. Neue Folge, Band XI. (1912), p. 201. 
