1027 
the lower 2"d molars is only 69 mm., the arcade in the upper jaw 
being 12 mm. wider there than in the lower jaw, (in Australians 
— which race surpasses others in this respect — TURNER found as 
maximum 8 mm.). The consequence of this remarkable relation be- 
tween the two dental arcades is that the lingual cusps of the crowns 
of the molars in the upper jaw have been worn off obliquely from 
inside: and above to outside and below on the buccal cusps of those 
in the lower jaw, while on the other hand in the upper jaw the 
buceal cusps, in the lower jaw the lingual cusps of the crowns of 
the 2nd and 3rd molars are worn off very little, if at all, and the 
crowns of the 1st molars at least unequally on the buccal and 
lingual half, the lower ones very obliquely. 
Dental arcades resembling the described type, though perhaps not 
so pronounced, are not seldom met with in Australian and also in 
Malay skulls; but the type of the Neandertal Man is an entirely 
different one. Also the molar half of the upper dental arcade projects 
but little outside that of the lower jaw; the two arcades have the 
same shape, and cover each other much more, and the wear of the 
crowns takes place over the whole grinding surface more equally, 
horizontally. It may be assumed that the food of Homo neanderta- 
lensis was of a different nature from that of Homo wadjakensis and 
of the Australians. This race lives chiefly on animal food; very 
probably the mode of living of Homo neandertalensis was more 
vegetarian. In connection with this it is of importance that in an 
examination with X-rays, made with the collaboration of my brother, 
Dr. V. Dusois, it was found that the teeth of Homo wadjakensis 
possess roots and pulp-cavities that agree in form and size with the 
Australian type, and depart entirely from the taurodont type of the 
Neandertal men. 
The following remarks about the most important characters of 
the teeth and the mandible may now precede a further discussion. 
On the whole the teeth are large, though they are still surpassed 
by those of many Australians. The 2"d and 3'¢ upper molars present 
reduction phenomena, especially in Wadjak I. 
The mandible (Fig. 7 and Fig. 8) is a very strong bone, clearly 
built according to a type resembling a common Australian one. The 
corpus mandibulae is, pretty uniformly, high (40 mm. at the symphysis 
of Wadjak II. Average of 7 Australians 33 mm., maximum 42 mm. 
according to Frizzt')) and thick. The ramus is very broad (at the 
et E. Frizzt, Untersuchungen am menschlichen Unterkiefer mit spezieller Berück- 
sichtigung der Regio mentalis. Archiv. für Anthropologie. N. F. Band IX. (1910), 
p. 252—286. 
