1036 
mm. at the lower jaw of Wadjak II, at that of the Heidelberg 
man 30 mm. 
The condylar height of the ramus mandibulae of Wadjak II is 
about 70 mm., the breadth, at the narrowest place, 46.5 mm. At 
the lower jaw of the Heidelberg Man these dimensions are resp. 69 
and 52 mm., but the angulus (s. arcus, BoNnNET) is, as it were, cut 
off obliquely, just as in the Neandertal Man of La Chapelle-aux- 
Saints, whereas it forms a round projection at the lower jaw of 
Wadjak II. The external surface of the ramus cannot be measured 
accurately, because this part of the lower jaw has broken off with 
the loss of some parts that cannot be accurately determined, but it is 
very large, and may be estimated at only 2 cm.’ less than that of 
the Heidelberg Man. In the latter this surface is enlarged, it is true, 
by the very considerable breadth of the processus coronoides, but on 
the other hand the angular part is much larger in fthe Wadjak 
Man. The outer surface of the ramus at an average European 
lower jaw is 16 cm.’ smaller, at an Australian lower jaw (according 
to Kuta) 12 cm.” smaller than at that of the Heidelberg Man. This 
means that the area of attachment of the muscles of mastication of 
the Wadjak Man is almost as large as that of the latter — in the 
Heidelberg Man the musculus temporalis preponderated, in our Java- 
nese Australian the masseter — and much larger than that of the 
present European, and even of the Australian aborigines. 
The condylus is in transversal direction as large as that of the 
Mauer-mandibula, on the other hand in sagittal direction much 
smaller and rounder. Also the glenoid fossa is of the present type. 
The articulation was evidently, as in general in Homo sapiens,more hinge 
joint, for movement up and down of the lower jaw, than gliding 
joint, hence less adapted to grinding motion of the lower jaw than 
that of Homo heidelbergensis. The important differences of the same 
nature, which exist between the temporo-mandibular joint of Homo 
neandertalensis and modern Man, have been set forth by Boure in 
his masterly description of the fossil Man of La Chapelle-aux- 
Saints. The very wide and shallow articular cavities of the latter 
were certainly adapted to grinding movement, almost as in the 
Anthropoids. 
The processus coronoides is narrower, but higher and consequently 
the incisura mandibulae is deeper than in Homo neandertalensis and 
heidelbergensis. 
The external surface of the ramus as a whole inclines somewhat 
towards the outside from above downward, so that the two rami 
diverge. This is still more pronounced for the regio angularis, 
