1041 
arches. This type of dental arch and teeth of the Wadjak Man, to 
some extent analogous to that of the Carnivora among the Mammals, 
was certainly particularly suitable for animal food. In the Australi- 
ans, which live chiefly carnivorously, the difference in breadth of 
the two dental arches is greater than in any other living race, 
perhaps with the exception of the Eskimos, but even in Europeans 
the upper dental arch is, as a rule, wider at the molars than the 
lower arch; this is a general character of Homo sapiens '). 
KraarscH considers this wide lateral prominence of the upper 
dental arch of the Australians as a character of the primitive state; 
the dentition of his Homo aurignacensis of Combe-Capelle had lost 
this ‘Primitivitét’” of the Australians’). This can only refer to an 
original type of Man, not to a prehuman stage; for in the Anthro- 
poids and most other Monkeys the upper molars certainly do not 
extend further beyond the lower ones than in modern Man. Such 
conditions, with narrow lower dental arch and oblique wearing off 
of the teeth, as are met with in the Wadjak Man, have even been 
described of jaws of the Eskimos, who belong to the Mongoloids, 
but feed chiefly on raw meat and bacon *). 
Entirely different was the type of the relation of the dental arcades 
in the Neandertal- (and probably also the Heidelberg-) Man. The two 
dental arches must have covered each other perfectly or the upper 
molars must have extended but little outside the lower ones, as in 
most Monkeys; for the crown of these teeth were ground off horizontally, 
at least uniformly over their entire breadth. The prematurity of 
the wearing off in comparatively still young individuals, has struck many 
investigators; it is universally attributed to coarseness and impurity 
of the vegetable food, which was often mixed with small quantities 
of earth. This renders it probable that Homo neandertalensis found 
his food mostly on (or in) the ground; this can also be deduced 
from particularities of his skull and skeleton, which will be discussed 
further. 
As meat and fish, in general animal food, contain the nourishing 
substances in a relatively pure state, and are mostly not hard, they 
need not be ground particularly fine to be digested. Biting off by the 
front teeth, tearing, and crushing by the molars is sufficient; thus 
the food can rapidly pass, almost linea recta, through the mouth- 
1) Sir Wituiam Turner, The Relations of the Dental Arcades in the Crania of 
Australian Aborigines. Journal of Anatomy and Physiology. Vol. 25 (1891), 
p. 461—472. 
3) In Praehistorische Zeitschrift. Band I (1910), p. 313. Berlin 1910. 
5) K. GoRrsanovic-KRAMBERGER, |. c. 
