1050 
It appears thus firmly established that Homo neandertalensis (with 
Homo heidelbergensis) and Homo wadjakensis belong to two types 
of Man opposite in every respect, and that it is especially impossible 
to derive this form of the type Homo sapiens (though it is very old), 
from the other type. They may, nay they must, indeed, have sprung 
from a common Hominide branch in a time geologically much more 
remote than that from which their fossil remains date. It need hardly 
be said that the latter cannot be identified with the time of their 
origin, nor without further proof, with the optimum of their existence, 
nor with the end. 
Homo heidelbergensis and Homo wadjakensis were both optimate 
forms of their type. The best time of existence of the first type the 
Neandertal Man. proper had certainly already long behind him. 
From the Second or Mindel-Riss Interglacial period, from which the 
lower jaw of Mauer (Homo heidelbergensis) dates, till the Third or 
Riss-Wiirm Interglacial period, from which most fossil remains of 
the Neandertal Man are, the type has greatly deteriorated, judging 
from the masticatory apparatus. It then disappears soon, probably 
in the last or Würm-Glacial period (Spy), making place in Europe 
for several already very differentiated forms of the type Homo 
sapiens (Cro-Magnon, Combe-Capelle, Grimaldi). In the vegetable 
world which got poorer and poorer during the Plistocene epoch, a 
Man specially equipped for a vegetarian mode of living must have 
experienced greater and greater difficulty in finding his food, whereas 
a carnivorous Man could always find an ample supply of food in 
the animal world. The adaptation to the unfavourableness of the 
climate by the assumption of a more carnivorous way of living, 
could only be very limited in such a very specialised type as the 
Neandertal Man; the very small morphological approach in the 
masticatory apparatus to the type of Homo sapiens, may be accounted 
for in this way. In the latter type, however, such an adaptation to 
a more omnivorous way of living, was indeed possible, which 
facilitated the feeding; it was still more improved by the use of 
fire in the preparation of the food, all which contributed to the 
development of the type Homo sapiens in his present form. 
It needs no further argument that the Neandertal-Heidelberg type 
cannot have arisen in the Plistocene epoch. It is also impossible 
to assume this for the Homo sapiens type, because these two types 
must certainly come from a common stock, as is proved by the 
human shape of their bodies, and especially, because they had both 
already reached the height of modern Man in the principal human 
character, the very exceptionally large size of the encephalon; it is 
