1117 
2) nntsnoe 
WE = + 0,284, 
v 55 + 0, 
and a line having a companion on the red side 
se 09 
Mes —= — 0,308. 
23 
Supposing, on the other band, that out of the 48 cases we had 
chosen 25 cases without any guiding principle, entirely at random, 
then the probable departure of the mean of those 25 cases would 
have been 7,= ag 0,066 (in which 7, the probable departure 
for a single line, depends on the “precision” of the entire group, 
and proved to be — 0,329). 
The mean relative departure Pp actually found is, therefore, 
0,284 
0,066 
have been in case of random choice. 
Conformably we find for a line with companion on the red side 
(r’, being = 0,068). 
D, = — 0,308 = — 4,50 r',. 
= 4,30 times as great as the “probable” departure 7, would 
The probability that a mean departure D, derived from cases 
selected without guiding principle, would be included between + 4,307, 
and —4,50r’, or, what is very nearly the same, between + 4,407", 
and —4,40r", (putting 7", == 0,067) amounts to *) 
4,40 
2 SF 
06 fe dt = 0,997, 
Vn 
0 
so that only 0,003 in left for the probability that, by mere chance, 
D would lie beyond those limits. 
Applying the same argument to the equations (2) derived from 
the Kodaikanal measurements, which include a greater number of 
influenced lines, we find an even much smaller value for the pro- 
bability that the observed considerable separation of the two swarms 
of dots and cirelets would be purely accidental, namely 0,00001. 
Since these latter data have been obtained independently of the 
Mount Wilson measurements, we may value the probability of the 
concurrence of those two casualities at 0,003 x 0,00001. 
It has been established, therefore, with a probability of more than 
107 to 1 that the guiding principle used in selecting the lines is 
') Gf. Guauvener, Spherical and practical astronomy, Vol. Il, Table IX A. 
