1250 
of age is connected with the prolonged denudation before Upper- 
cretaceous time. 
5. Kimberlites, alnoites ete. in pipes and dykes, younger than the 
dolerites mentioned sub 4°). 
Old Granites. 
The archaean rocks classed together for Brazil under the term 
Brazilian complex, are granites, gneisses, quartzites, marbles and 
crystalline schists. They may be compared with the Malmesbury 
system of the Southern Cape Colony, the Swarzland system of the 
Transvaal and Rhodesia and the Fundamental complex with intrusive 
old granites of South-West Africa. Both the east coast of Brazil in 
the Serra do Mar and the opposite West Coast of South- and Central 
Africa consist for the major part of these rocks and they often 
impart to the landscape in both continents a similar topographic 
aspect. As to the petrographic features of these rocks no data are 
known sufficient for a minate comparison of the rocks near the 
opposite shores. 
Young granites. 
An instance of this type in South Africa are the granites of the 
“Bushveld Igneous Complex” in The Transvaal, occurring in com- 
bination with the gabbros, norites and ultrabasie rocks, the Erongo 
granite in Hereroland, and the Branaberg granite in the North 
Western part of Damaraland. The first-named are intrusive in the 
? Devonian Waterberg Sandstone; the Eronga-granite has intruded the 
lowermost division of the ?Cambrian Nama System, hence they are 
younger than the old granites from which they also differ in petro- 
graphic composition, but their exact age is not known. 
In Brazil the extensive granite areas and their contacts with the 
environing sediments have been studied very little. However, here 
also granites are known as intrusions in the algonkian or old-palae- 
ozoic Minas Serie, as e.g. appears from the gold-bearing dyke of 
Passagem’) in Minas Geraes, ultra-acid granite apophysis, and in- 
trusive in the so-called itabirite-formation of the Minas Series. In 
the neighbourhood a granite occurs and similar gold-bearing quartz- 
dykes are known in several places in the States of Minas Geraes 
and Goyaz. In the southern states mention is made of the occurrence 
1) For the literature on parts of the coastal regions on either side of the 
Atlantic Ocean we refer to: J. C. BRANNER. Geology of Brazil. Bull. Americ. 
Geol. Soc. 1919. P. A. Wagner. The Geology and Mineral Industry of South- 
West-Africa Geol. Surv. Memoir N°, 7, 1916. 
3) E. Hussax. Der goldführende kiesige Quarzlagergang von Passagem in Minas 
Geraes. Zeitschr. f. Prakt. Geol. 1898. Oktober, blz. 345 e.v. ° 
