1273 
In order to compare as much as possible with homologous capa- 
cities of recent men I chose three skulls of Kuropeans (Dutchmen) 
of different sizes, and a skull of a Javanese, and determined the 
capacities of the upper or calvarial part, to the same level, and of 
the entire skulls, with water, by the halves which had been made 
impermeable and were shut off by a glass plate. 
DRR De J. 
Cranial capacity 1260 1434 1500 1550 cm° 
Calvarial capacity 884 1000 1070 1150 „ 
Ratio 142 1.43 1.40 1.35 mean 1.4. 
Accordingly the calvarial capacities of the examined individuals 
of the Neandertal-Man fall entirely within the range of the calvarial 
capacity (which is as much as possible homologous) of large-brained 
recent races. The total capacity was, therefore, certainly not smaller.’) 
A simian flattened upper part of the skull must have gone together, 
as in the Apes, with a comparatively larger lower part of the skull 
than in the high-vaulted skull of recent Man. 
According to the ratio found in recent Man the capacity of the 
(entire) Neandertal-skull would have been 1288 cm’, in concordance 
with the earlier and with ScuwaLsn’s estimations; that of Spy I 
would at least be 1260, and that of Spy II at least 1470 em’. 
But at the skulls of Apes (Gorilla gorilla, Simia satyrus, Hylobates 
agilis, Semnopithecus entellus, Macacus cynomolgus) I found that 
the ratio of these capacities, which were again as homologous as 
possible and deviated little inter se, is 1.6 on an average. In the 
8) Eve. Dugors, Remarks upon the Brain-Cast of Pithecanthropus erectus. 
Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Zoology. Cambridge 1898. 
p. 85—86. There too with regard to the same investigation made on skulls of 
apes and on the calvaria of Pithecanthropus erectus. The results were in detail 
as follows: 
Pithecanthropus Gorilla & Anthropopithecus & | Simia satyrus 2 
Capacity — 540 356 346 
Calvaria 570 334 255 219 
Ratio — 1.61 1.43 1.58 
sed Semnopithecus Macacus 
S l 
Hylobates agilis | Symphalangus & ia eee RA, 
114 128 116 di 
73 62 72 48 
1.56 2.06 1.61 1.60 
The measurements of the capacities with rape-seed yielded average results equal 
to those with water; the values found can in view of this, be considered as the 
true capacities. 
82 
Proceedings Royal Acad. Amsterdam. Vol. XXIII. 
